Method for performing uplink transmission in wireless communication system, and apparatus therefor

ABSTRACT

The present specification relates to a method for performing uplink transmission in a wireless communication system. More particularly, a method performed by a terminal comprises the steps of: receiving, from a base station, resource setting information related to an uplink resource, which includes identification information about a transmission unit indicating a physical layer resource set; determining a transmission unit for performing the uplink transmission on the basis of the identification information; and performing the uplink transmission on the basis of the determined transmission unit.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, andmore particularly, to a method for performing uplink transmission and anapparatus supporting the same.

BACKGROUND ART

A mobile communication system has been developed to provide a voiceservice while ensuring an activity of a user. However, in the mobilecommunication system, not only a voice but also a data service isextended. At present, due to an explosive increase in traffic, there isa shortage of resources and users demand a higher speed service, and asa result, a more developed mobile communication system is required.

Requirements of a next-generation mobile communication system should beable to support acceptance of explosive data traffic, a dramaticincrease in per-user data rate, acceptance of a significant increase inthe number of connected devices, very low end-to-end latency, andhigh-energy efficiency. To this end, various technologies areresearched, which include dual connectivity, massive multiple inputmultiple output (MIMO), in-band full duplex, non-orthogonal multipleaccess (NOMA), super wideband support, device networking, and the like.

DISCLOSURE Technical Problem

The present disclosure provides a method of performing uplinktransmission based on a transmission unit for each CC.

The present disclosure further provides a method of configuration aplurality of TA values corresponding to each transmission unit ID foreach CC.

Technical problems to be achieved in the present disclosure are notlimited to the above-described technical problems, and other technicalproblems not described will be clearly understood by those of ordinaryskill in the technical field to which the present disclosure belongsfrom the following description.

Technical Solution

A method for performing uplink transmission in a wireless communicationsystem, the method performed by a terminal includes receiving, from abase station, resource configuration information related to an uplinkresource including identification information on a transmission unitindicating a physical layer resource set; determining a transmissionunit for performing uplink transmission based on the identificationinformation; and performing the uplink transmission based on thedetermined transmission unit.

Further, the performing of the uplink transmission may includetransmitting a physical random access channel (PRACH) preambleassociated with the identification information to the base station;receiving a random access response including a timing advance (TA) valueassociated with the identification information from the base station;and transmitting an uplink signal to the base station on thetransmission unit based on the TA value.

Further, when a plurality of TA values are received, transmission unitidentification information corresponding to the plurality of TA valuesmay be configured for each TA value in one component carrier (CC) or onebandwidth part (BWP).

Further, the plurality of TA values may be received through each randomaccess response or may be received based on a specific TA value anddifferential TA values for the specific TA value.

Further, the transmission unit may be a set of an UL antenna port, an ULbeam, or an UL physical channel resource related to application of acommon TA value in one CC or one BWP.

Further, the transmission unit may be a set of an UL antenna port, an ULbeam, or an UL physical channel resource related to application ofcommon power control parameters in one CC or one BWP.

Further, the transmission unit may be a set of an UL antenna port, an ULbeam, or an UL physical channel resource related to whether simultaneoustransmission is possible in one CC or one BWP and/or whether a gapsymbol is applied.

Further, the method may further include receiving information on a timeor a gap symbol required for switching between transmission units.

Further, the information on the time or gap symbol may indicate at leastone symbol or at least one slot.

Further, the resource configuration information may include at least oneof a PRACH resource associated with a transmission unit, a TA associatedwith a transmission unit, a downlink reference signal (DL RS) associatedwith a transmission unit, a sounding reference signal (SRS) resourceassociated with a transmission unit, a physical uplink control channel(PUCCH) resource associated with a transmission unit, a physical uplinkshared channel (PUSCH) resource associated with a transmission unit, ora transmit power control (TPC) command associated with a transmissionunit.

Further, in the present disclosure, the resource configurationinformation may be included in RRC signaling.

Further, the method may further include receiving, from the basestation, a first message including information on the total number oftransmission units or information on the maximum number of transmissionunits that can be simultaneously transmitted.

Further, a terminal for performing uplink transmission in a wirelesscommunication system includes a radio frequency (RF) module; at leastone processor; and at least one computer memory operably accessible tothe at least one processor and for storing instructions for performingoperations when executed by the at least one processor, wherein theoperations include receiving, from a base station, resourceconfiguration information related to an uplink resource includingidentification information on a transmission unit indicating a physicallayer resource set; determining a transmission unit for performinguplink transmission based on the identification information; andperforming the uplink transmission based on the determined transmissionunit.

Advantageous Effects

In the present disclosure, by newly defining the concept of atransmission unit for uplink transmission, there is an effect ofperforming uplink transmission based on transmission units for each CC.

Further, the present disclosure has an effect of configuration aplurality of TA values corresponding to each transmission unit ID inorder to perform uplink transmission based on a plurality oftransmission units.

Effects that can be obtained in the present disclosure are not limitedto the above-mentioned effects, and other effects not mentioned will beclearly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art from thefollowing description.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The accompany drawings, which are included as part of the detaileddescription in order to help understanding of the present disclosure,provide embodiments of the present disclosure and describe the technicalcharacteristics of the present disclosure along with the detaileddescription.

FIG. 1 illustrates an AI device 100 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 2 illustrates an AI server 200 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 3 illustrates an AI system 1 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of a general system configurationof NR to which a method proposed in this specification may be applied.

FIG. 5 shows a relation between an uplink frame and a downlink frame ina wireless communication system to which a method proposed in thisspecification may be applied.

FIG. 6 shows an example of a resource grid supplied in a wirelesscommunication system to which a method proposed in this specificationmay be applied.

FIG. 7 shows examples of a resource grid for each antenna port andnumerology to which a method proposed in this specification may beapplied.

FIG. 8 shows an example of a block diagram of a transmitter including ananalog beamformer and an RF chain.

FIG. 9 shows an example of a block diagram of a transmitting endcomposed of a digital beamformer and an RF chain.

FIG. 10 shows an example of an analog beam scanning method.

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of beam scanningapplication methods.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of start OFDM symbols.

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a RACH configuration table.

FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a set of a RACHconfiguration interval and a mapping interval.

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an RACH procedure.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an overall RACH procedure.

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a TA.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of MSG3 retransmission and MSG4transmission.

FIG. 19 illustrates the concept of a threshold value of an SS block forRACH resource association.

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of power ramping countchange in an RACH procedure.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the concept of a USU proposed in thepresent disclosure.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a USU-based uplinktransmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a USU-baseduplink transmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a USU-baseduplink transmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a USU-baseduplink transmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a USU-baseduplink transmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a power controlprocedure.

FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a USU-based uplinktransmission method through a power control procedure for each USU IDproposed in the present disclosure.

FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal forperforming uplink transmission proposed in the present disclosure.

FIG. 30 illustrates a wireless communication device to which methodsproposed in the present disclosure can be applied according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure.

FIG. 31 illustrates another example of a block diagram of a wirelesscommunication device to which methods proposed in the present disclosurecan be applied.

MODE FOR DISCLOSURE

Hereinafter, embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure will bedescribed in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but thesame or similar reference numerals are assigned to the same or similarcomponents, and overlapping descriptions thereof will be omitted. Thesuffixes “module” and “unit” for components used in the followingdescription are given or used interchangeably in consideration of onlythe ease of preparation of the disclosure, and do not themselves have adistinct meaning or role. Further, in describing the embodimentsdisclosed in the present disclosure, when it is determined that adetailed description of related known technologies may obscure the gistof the embodiments disclosed in the present disclosure, a detaileddescription thereof will be omitted. Further, the accompanying drawingsare for easy understanding of the embodiments disclosed in the presentdisclosure, and the technical idea disclosed in the present disclosureis not limited by the accompanying drawings, and should be understood toinclude all modifications, equivalents, or substitutes included in thespirit and scope of the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, a base station (BS) means a terminal node ofa network directly performing communication with a terminal. In thepresent disclosure, specific operations described to be performed by thebase station may be performed by an upper node of the base station, ifnecessary or desired. That is, it is obvious that in the networkconsisting of multiple network nodes including the base station, variousoperations performed for communication with the terminal can beperformed by the base station or network nodes other than the basestation. The ‘base station (BS)’ may be replaced with terms such as afixed station, Node B, evolved-NodeB (eNB), a base transceiver system(BTS), an access point (AP), gNB (general NB), and the like. Further, a‘terminal’ may be fixed or movable and may be replaced with terms suchas user equipment (UE), a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), amobile subscriber station (MSS), a subscriber station (SS), an advancedmobile station (AMS), a wireless terminal (WT), a machine-typecommunication (MTC) device, a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, adevice-to-device (D2D) device, and the like.

In the present disclosure, downlink (DL) means communication from thebase station to the terminal, and uplink (UL) means communication fromthe terminal to the base station. In the downlink, a transmitter may bea part of the base station, and a receiver may be a part of theterminal. In the uplink, the transmitter may be a part of the terminal,and the receiver may be a part of the base station.

Specific terms used in the following description are provided to helpthe understanding of the present disclosure, and may be changed to otherforms within the scope without departing from the technical spirit ofthe present disclosure.

The following technology may be used in various wireless access systems,such as code division multiple access (CDMA), frequency divisionmultiple access (FDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), orthogonalfrequency division multiple access (OFDMA), single carrier-FDMA(SC-FDMA), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), and the like. The CDMAmay be implemented by radio technology such as universal terrestrialradio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. The TDMA may be implemented by radiotechnology such as global system for mobile communications (GSM)/generalpacket radio service (GPRS)/enhanced data rates for GSM evolution(EDGE). The OFDMA may be implemented as radio technology such as IEEE802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802-20, E-UTRA (evolved UTRA),and the like. The UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunicationsystem (UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long termevolution (LTE), as a part of an evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA,adopts the OFDMA in the downlink and the SC-FDMA in the uplink. LTE-A(advanced) is the evolution of 3GPP LTE.

Embodiments of the present disclosure can be supported by standarddocuments disclosed in at least one of IEEE 802, 3GPP, and 3GPP2 whichare the wireless access systems. That is, steps or parts in embodimentsof the present disclosure which are not described to clearly show thetechnical spirit of the present disclosure can be supported by thestandard documents. Further, all terms described in the presentdisclosure can be described by the standard document.

3GPP LTE/LTE-A/New RAT (NR) is primarily described for cleardescription, but technical features of the present disclosure are notlimited thereto.

Hereinafter, examples of 5G use scenarios to which a method proposed inthis specification may be applied are described.

Three major requirement areas of 5G include (1) an enhanced mobilebroadband (eMBB) area, (2) a massive machine type communication (mMTC)area and (3) an ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC)area.

Some use cases may require multiple areas for optimization, and otheruse case may be focused on only one key performance indicator (KPI). 5Gsupport such various use cases in a flexible and reliable manner.

eMBB is far above basic mobile Internet access and covers media andentertainment applications in abundant bidirectional tasks, cloud oraugmented reality. Data is one of key motive powers of 5G, and dedicatedvoice services may not be first seen in the 5G era. In 5G, it isexpected that voice will be processed as an application program using adata connection simply provided by a communication system. Major causesfor an increased traffic volume include an increase in the content sizeand an increase in the number of applications that require a high datatransfer rate. Streaming service (audio and video), dialogue type videoand mobile Internet connections will be used more widely as more devicesare connected to the Internet. Such many application programs requireconnectivity always turned on in order to push real-time information andnotification to a user. A cloud storage and application suddenlyincreases in the mobile communication platform, and this may be appliedto both business and entertainment. Furthermore, cloud storage is aspecial use case that tows the growth of an uplink data transfer rate.5G is also used for remote business of cloud. When a tactile interfaceis used, further lower end-to-end latency is required to maintainexcellent user experiences. Entertainment, for example, cloud game andvideo streaming are other key elements which increase a need for themobile broadband ability. Entertainment is essential in the smartphoneand tablet anywhere including high mobility environments, such as atrain, a vehicle and an airplane. Another use case is augmented realityand information search for entertainment. In this case, augmentedreality requires very low latency and an instant amount of data.

Furthermore, one of the most expected 5G use case relates to a functioncapable of smoothly connecting embedded sensors in all fields, that is,mMTC. Until 2020, it is expected that potential IoT devices will reach20.4 billions. The industry IoT is one of areas in which 5G performsmajor roles enabling smart city, asset tracking, smart utility,agriculture and security infra.

URLLC includes a new service which will change the industry throughremote control of major infra and a link having ultra reliability/lowavailable latency, such as a self-driving vehicle. A level ofreliability and latency is essential for smart grid control, industryautomation, robot engineering, drone control and adjustment.

Multiple use cases are described more specifically.

5G may supplement fiber-to-the-home (FTTH) and cable-based broadband (orDOCSIS) as means for providing a stream evaluated from gigabits persecond to several hundreds of mega bits per second. Such fast speed isnecessary to deliver TV with resolution of 4K or more (6K, 8K or more)in addition to virtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality(VR) and augmented reality (AR) applications include immersive sportsgames. A specific application program may require a special networkconfiguration. For example, in the case of VR game, in order for gamecompanies to minimize latency, a core server may need to be integratedwith the edge network server of a network operator.

An automotive is expected to be an important and new motive power in 5G,along with many use cases for the mobile communication of an automotive.For example, entertainment for a passenger requires a high capacity anda high mobility mobile broadband at the same time. The reason for thisis that future users continue to expect a high-quality connectionregardless of their location and speed. Another use example of theautomotive field is an augmented reality dashboard. The augmentedreality dashboard overlaps and displays information, identifying anobject in the dark and notifying a driver of the distance and movementof the object, over a thing seen by the driver through a front window.In the future, a wireless module enables communication betweenautomotives, information exchange between an automotive and a supportedinfrastructure, and information exchange between an automotive and otherconnected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by a pedestrian). A safetysystem guides alternative courses of a behavior so that a driver candrive more safely, thereby reducing a danger of an accident. A next stepwill be a remotely controlled or self-driven vehicle. This requires veryreliable, very fast communication between different self-driven vehiclesand between an automotive and infra. In the future, a self-drivenvehicle may perform all driving activities, and a driver will be focusedon things other than traffic, which cannot be identified by anautomotive itself. Technical requirements of a self-driven vehiclerequire ultra-low latency and ultra-high speed reliability so thattraffic safety is increased up to a level which cannot be achieved by aperson.

A smart city and smart home mentioned as a smart society will beembedded as a high-density radio sensor network. The distributed networkof intelligent sensors will identify the cost of a city or home and acondition for energy-efficient maintenance. A similar configuration maybe performed for each home. All of a temperature sensor, a window andheating controller, a burglar alarm and home appliances are wirelesslyconnected. Many of such sensors are typically a low data transfer rate,low energy and a low cost. However, for example, real-time HD video maybe required for a specific type of device for surveillance.

The consumption and distribution of energy including heat or gas arehighly distributed and thus require automated control of a distributedsensor network. A smart grid collects information, and interconnectssuch sensors using digital information and a communication technology sothat the sensors operate based on the information. The information mayinclude the behaviors of a supplier and consumer, and thus the smartgrid may improve the distribution of fuel, such as electricity, in anefficient, reliable, economical, production-sustainable and automatedmanner. The smart grid may be considered to be another sensor networkhaving small latency.

A health part owns many application programs which reap the benefits ofmobile communication. A communication system can support remotetreatment providing clinical treatment at a distant place. This helps toreduce a barrier for the distance and can improve access to medicalservices which are not continuously used at remote farming areas.Furthermore, this is used to save life in important treatment and anemergency condition. A radio sensor network based on mobilecommunication can provide remote monitoring and sensors for parameters,such as the heart rate and blood pressure.

Radio and mobile communication becomes increasingly important in theindustry application field. Wiring requires a high installation andmaintenance cost. Accordingly, the possibility that a cable will bereplaced with reconfigurable radio links is an attractive opportunity inmany industrial fields. However, to achieve the possibility requiresthat a radio connection operates with latency, reliability and capacitysimilar to those of the cable and that management is simplified. Lowlatency and a low error probability is a new requirement for aconnection to 5G.

Logistics and freight tracking is an important use case for mobilecommunication, which enables the tracking inventory and packagesanywhere using a location-based information system. The logistics andfreight tracking use case typically requires a low data speed, but awide area and reliable location information.

The present disclosure to be described later may be implemented bycombining or changing each of the embodiments to satisfy therequirements of 5G described above.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in detail inconnection with the technical field to which the present disclosure tobe described later can be applied.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)

Artificial intelligence means the field in which artificial intelligenceor methodology capable of producing artificial intelligence isresearched. Machine learning means the field in which various problemshandled in the artificial intelligence field are defined and methodologyfor solving the problems are researched. Machine learning is alsodefined as an algorithm for improving performance of a task throughcontinuous experiences for the task.

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a model used in machine learning,and is configured with artificial neurons (nodes) forming a networkthrough a combination of synapses, and may mean the entire model havinga problem-solving ability. The artificial neural network may be definedby a connection pattern between the neurons of different layers, alearning process of updating a model parameter, and an activationfunction for generating an output value.

The artificial neural network may include an input layer, an outputlayer, and optionally one or more hidden layers. Each layer includes oneor more neurons. The artificial neural network may include a synapseconnecting neurons. In the artificial neural network, each neuron mayoutput a function value of an activation function for input signals,weight, and a bias input through a synapse.

A model parameter means a parameter determined through learning, andincludes the weight of a synapse connection and the bias of a neuron.Furthermore, a hyper parameter means a parameter that needs to beconfigured prior to learning in the machine learning algorithm, andincludes a learning rate, the number of times of repetitions, amini-deployment size, and an initialization function.

An object of learning of the artificial neural network may be consideredto determine a model parameter that minimizes a loss function. The lossfunction may be used as an index for determining an optimal modelparameter in the learning process of an artificial neural network.

Machine learning may be classified into supervised learning,unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning based on a learningmethod.

Supervised learning means a method of training an artificial neuralnetwork in the state in which a label for learning data has been given.The label may mean an answer (or a result value) that must be deduced byan artificial neural network when learning data is input to theartificial neural network. Unsupervised learning may mean a method oftraining an artificial neural network in the state in which a label forlearning data has not been given. Reinforcement learning may mean alearning method in which an agent defined within an environment istrained to select a behavior or behavior sequence that maximizesaccumulated compensation in each state.

Machine learning implemented as a deep neural network (DNN) including aplurality of hidden layers, among artificial neural networks, is alsocalled deep learning. Deep learning is part of machine learning.Hereinafter, machine learning is used as a meaning including deeplearning.

Robot

A robot may mean a machine that automatically processes a given task oroperates based on an autonomously owned ability. Particularly, a robothaving a function for recognizing an environment and autonomouslydetermining and performing an operation may be called an intelligencetype robot.

A robot may be classified for industry, medical treatment, home, andmilitary based on its use purpose or field.

A robot includes a driving unit including an actuator or motor, and mayperform various physical operations, such as moving a robot joint.Furthermore, a movable robot includes a wheel, a brake, a propeller,etc. in a driving unit, and may run on the ground or fly in the airthrough the driving unit.

Self-Driving (Autonomous-Driving)

Self-driving means a technology for autonomous driving. A self-drivingvehicle means a vehicle that runs without a user manipulation or by auser's minimum manipulation.

For example, self-driving may include all of a technology formaintaining a driving lane, a technology for automatically controllingspeed, such as adaptive cruise control, a technology for automaticdriving along a predetermined path, a technology for automaticallyconfiguring a path when a destination is set and driving.

A vehicle includes all of a vehicle having only an internal combustionengine, a hybrid vehicle including both an internal combustion engineand an electric motor, and an electric vehicle having only an electricmotor, and may include a train, a motorcycle, etc. in addition to thevehicles.

In this case, the self-driving vehicle may be considered to be a robothaving a self-driving function.

Extended Reality (XR)

Extended reality collectively refers to virtual reality (VR), augmentedreality (AR), and mixed reality (MR). The VR technology provides anobject or background of the real world as a CG image only. The ARtechnology provides a virtually produced CG image on an actual thingimage. The MR technology is a computer graphics technology for mixingand combining virtual objects with the real world and providing them.

The MR technology is similar to the AR technology in that it shows areal object and a virtual object. However, in the AR technology, avirtual object is used in a form to supplement a real object. Incontrast, unlike in the AR technology, in the MR technology, a virtualobject and a real object are used as the same character.

The XR technology may be applied to a head-mount display (HMD), ahead-up display (HUD), a mobile phone, a tablet PC, a laptop, a desktop,TV, and a digital signage. A device to which the XR technology has beenapplied may be called an XR device.

FIG. 1 illustrates an AI device 100 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

The AI device 100 may be implemented as a fixed device or mobile device,such as TV, a projector, a mobile phone, a smartphone, a desktopcomputer, a notebook, a terminal for digital broadcasting, a personaldigital assistants (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), anavigator, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box (STB), a DMBreceiver, a radio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, a desktopcomputer, a digital signage, a robot, and a vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 1, the terminal 100 may include a communication unit110, an input unit 120, a learning processor 130, a sensing unit 140, anoutput unit 150, memory 170 and a processor 180.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive data to and fromexternal devices, such as other AI devices 100 a to 100 er or an AIserver 200, using wired and wireless communication technologies. Forexample, the communication unit 110 may transmit and receive sensorinformation, a user input, a learning model, and a control signal to andfrom external devices.

In this case, communication technologies used by the communication unit110 include a global system for mobile communication (GSM), codedivision multi access (CDMA), long term evolution (LTE), 5G, a wirelessLAN (WLAN), wireless-fidelity (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth™, radio frequencyidentification (RFID), infrared data association (IrDA), ZigBee, nearfield communication (NFC), etc.

The input unit 120 may obtain various types of data.

In this case, the input unit 120 may include a camera for an imagesignal input, a microphone for receiving an audio signal, a user inputunit for receiving information from a user, etc. In this case, thecamera or the microphone is treated as a sensor, and a signal obtainedfrom the camera or the microphone may be called sensing data or sensorinformation.

The input unit 120 may obtain learning data for model learning and inputdata to be used when an output is obtained using a learning model. Theinput unit 120 may obtain not-processed input data. In this case, theprocessor 180 or the learning processor 130 may extract an input featureby performing pre-processing on the input data.

The learning processor 130 may be trained by a model configured with anartificial neural network using learning data. In this case, the trainedartificial neural network may be called a learning model. The learningmodel is used to deduce a result value of new input data not learningdata. The deduced value may be used as a base for performing a givenoperation.

In this case, the learning processor 130 may perform AI processing alongwith the learning processor 240 of the AI server 200.

In this case, the learning processor 130 may include memory integratedor implemented in the AI device 100. Alternatively, the learningprocessor 130 may be implemented using the memory 170, external memorydirectly coupled to the AI device 100 or memory maintained in anexternal device.

The sensing unit 140 may obtain at least one of internal information ofthe AI device 100, surrounding environment information of the AI device100, or user information using various sensors.

In this case, sensors included in the sensing unit 140 include aproximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, amagnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertia sensor, an RGB sensor, an IRsensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, a photosensor, a microphone, LIDAR, and a radar.

The output unit 150 may generate an output related to a visual sense, anauditory sense or a tactile sense.

In this case, the output unit 150 may include a display unit foroutputting visual information, a speaker for outputting auditoryinformation, and a haptic module for outputting tactile information.

The memory 170 may store data supporting various functions of the AIdevice 100. For example, the memory 170 may store input data obtained bythe input unit 120, learning data, a learning model, a learning history,etc.

The processor 180 may determine at least one executable operation of theAI device 100 based on information, determined or generated using a dataanalysis algorithm or a machine learning algorithm. Furthermore, theprocessor 180 may perform the determined operation by controllingelements of the AI device 100.

To this end, the processor 180 may request, search, receive, and use thedata of the learning processor 130 or the memory 170, and may controlelements of the AI device 100 to execute a predicted operation or anoperation determined to be preferred, among the at least one executableoperation.

In this case, if association with an external device is necessary toperform the determined operation, the processor 180 may generate acontrol signal for controlling the corresponding external device andtransmit the generated control signal to the corresponding externaldevice.

The processor 180 may obtain intention information for a user input andtransmit user requirements based on the obtained intention information.

In this case, the processor 180 may obtain the intention information,corresponding to the user input, using at least one of a speech to text(STT) engine for converting a voice input into a text string or anatural language processing (NLP) engine for obtaining intentioninformation of a natural language.

In this case, at least some of at least one of the STT engine or the NLPengine may be configured as an artificial neural network trained basedon a machine learning algorithm. Furthermore, at least one of the STTengine or the NLP engine may have been trained by the learning processor130, may have been trained by the learning processor 240 of the AIserver 200 or may have been trained by distributed processing thereof.

The processor 180 may collect history information including theoperation contents of the AI device 100 or the feedback of a user for anoperation, may store the history information in the memory 170 or thelearning processor 130, or may transmit the history information to anexternal device, such as the AI server 200. The collected historyinformation may be used to update a learning model.

The processor 18 may control at least some of the elements of the AIdevice 100 in order to execute an application program stored in thememory 170. Moreover, the processor 180 may combine and drive two ormore of the elements included in the AI device 100 in order to executethe application program.

FIG. 2 illustrates an AI server 200 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 2, the AI server 200 may mean a device which istrained by an artificial neural network using a machine learningalgorithm or which uses a trained artificial neural network. In thiscase, the AI server 200 is configured with a plurality of servers andmay perform distributed processing and may be defined as a 5G network.In this case, the AI server 200 may be included as a partialconfiguration of the AI device 100, and may perform at least some of AIprocessing.

The AI server 200 may include a communication unit 210, memory 230, alearning processor 240 and a processor 260.

The communication unit 210 may transmit and receive data to and from anexternal device, such as the AI device 100.

The memory 230 may include a model storage unit 231. The model storageunit 231 may store a model (or artificial neural network 231 a) which isbeing trained or has been trained through the learning processor 240.

The learning processor 240 may train the artificial neural network 231 ausing learning data. The learning model may be used in the state inwhich it has been mounted on the AI server 200 of the artificial neuralnetwork or may be mounted on an external device, such as the AI device100, and used.

The learning model may be implemented as hardware, software or acombination of hardware and software. If some of or the entire learningmodel is implemented as software, one or more instructions configuringthe learning model may be stored in the memory 230.

The processor 260 may deduce a result value of new input data using thelearning model, and may generate a response or control command based onthe deduced result value.

FIG. 3 illustrates an AI system 1 according to an embodiment of thepresent disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 3, the AI system 1 is connected to at least one of theAI server 200, a robot 100 a, a self-driving vehicle 100 b, an XR device100 c, a smartphone 100 d or home appliances 100 e over a cloud network10. In this case, the robot 100 a, the self-driving vehicle 100 b, theXR device 100 c, the smartphone 100 d or the home appliances 100 e towhich the AI technology has been applied may be called AI devices 100 ato 100 e.

The cloud network 10 may configure part of cloud computing infra or maymean a network present within cloud computing infra. In this case, thecloud network 10 may be configured using the 3G network, the 4G or longterm evolution (LTE) network or the 5G network.

That is, the devices 100 a to 100 e (200) configuring the AI system 1may be interconnected over the cloud network 10. Particularly, thedevices 100 a to 100 e and 200 may communicate with each other through abase station, but may directly communicate with each other without theintervention of a base station.

The AI server 200 may include a server for performing AI processing anda server for performing calculation on big data.

The AI server 200 is connected to at least one of the robot 100 a, theself-driving vehicle 100 b, the XR device 100 c, the smartphone 100 d orthe home appliances 100 e, that is, AI devices configuring the AI system1, over the cloud network 10, and may help at least some of the AIprocessing of the connected AI devices 100 a to 100 e.

In this case, the AI server 200 may train an artificial neural networkbased on a machine learning algorithm in place of the AI devices 100 ato 100 e, may directly store a learning model or may transmit thelearning model to the AI devices 100 a to 100 e.

In this case, the AI server 200 may receive input data from the AIdevices 100 a to 100 e, may deduce a result value of the received inputdata using the learning model, may generate a response or controlcommand based on the deduced result value, and may transmit the responseor control command to the AI devices 100 a to 100 e.

Alternatively, the AI devices 100 a to 100 e may directly deduce aresult value of input data using a learning model, and may generate aresponse or control command based on the deduced result value.

Hereinafter, various embodiments of the AI devices 100 a to 100 e towhich the above-described technology is applied are described. In thiscase, the AI devices 100 a to 100 e shown in FIG. 3 may be considered tobe detailed embodiments of the AI device 100 shown in FIG. 1.

AI+Robot to which the Present Disclosure is Applied

An AI technology is applied to the robot 100 a, and the robot 100 a maybe implemented as a guidance robot, a transport robot, a cleaning robot,a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a pet robot, an unmannedflight robot, etc.

The robot 100 a may include a robot control module for controlling anoperation. The robot control module may mean a software module or a chipin which a software module has been implemented using hardware.

The robot 100 a may obtain state information of the robot 100 a, maydetect (recognize) a surrounding environment and object, may generatemap data, may determine a moving path and a running plan, may determinea response to a user interaction, or may determine an operation usingsensor information obtained from various types of sensors.

In this case, the robot 100 a may use sensor information obtained by atleast one sensor among LIDAR, a radar, and a camera in order todetermine the moving path and running plan.

The robot 100 a may perform the above operations using a learning modelconfigured with at least one artificial neural network. For example, therobot 100 a may recognize a surrounding environment and object using alearning model, and may determine an operation using recognizedsurrounding environment information or object information. In this case,the learning model may have been directly trained in the robot 100 a ormay have been trained in an external device, such as the AI server 200.

In this case, the robot 100 a may directly generate results using thelearning model and perform an operation, but may perform an operation bytransmitting sensor information to an external device, such as the AIserver 200, and receiving results generated in response thereto.

The robot 100 a may determine a moving path and running plan using atleast one of map data, object information detected from sensorinformation, or object information obtained from an external device. Therobot 100 a may run along the determined moving path and running plan bycontrolling the driving unit.

The map data may include object identification information for variousobjects disposed in the space in which the robot 100 a moves. Forexample, the map data may include object identification information forfixed objects, such as a wall and a door, and movable objects, such as aflowport and a desk. Furthermore, the object identification informationmay include a name, a type, a distance, a location, etc.

Furthermore, the robot 100 a may perform an operation or run bycontrolling the driving unit based on a user's control/interaction. Inthis case, the robot 100 a may obtain intention information of aninteraction according to a user's behavior or voice speaking, maydetermine a response based on the obtained intention information, andmay perform an operation.

AI+Self-Driving to which the Present Disclosure is Applied

An AI technology is applied to the self-driving vehicle 100 b, and theself-driving vehicle 100 b may be implemented as a movable type robot, avehicle, an unmanned flight body, etc.

The self-driving vehicle 100 b may include a self-driving control modulefor controlling a self-driving function. The self-driving control modulemay mean a software module or a chip in which a software module has beenimplemented using hardware. The self-driving control module may beincluded in the self-driving vehicle 100 b as an element of theself-driving vehicle 100 b, but may be configured as separate hardwareoutside the self-driving vehicle 100 b and connected to the self-drivingvehicle 100 b.

The self-driving vehicle 100 b may obtain state information of theself-driving vehicle 100 b, may detect (recognize) a surroundingenvironment and object, may generate map data, may determine a movingpath and running plan, or may determine an operation using sensorinformation obtained from various types of sensors.

In this case, in order to determine the moving path and running plan,like the robot 100 a, the self-driving vehicle 100 b may use sensorinformation obtained from at least one sensor among LIDAR, a radar and acamera.

Particularly, the self-driving vehicle 100 b may recognize anenvironment or object in an area whose view is blocked or an area of agiven distance or more by receiving sensor information for theenvironment or object from external devices, or may directly receiverecognized information for the environment or object from externaldevices.

The self-driving vehicle 100 b may perform the above operations using alearning model configured with at least one artificial neural network.For example, the self-driving vehicle 100 b may recognize a surroundingenvironment and object using a learning model, and may determine theflow of running using recognized surrounding environment information orobject information. In this case, the learning model may have beendirectly trained in the self-driving vehicle 100 b or may have beentrained in an external device, such as the AI server 200.

In this case, the self-driving vehicle 100 b may directly generateresults using the learning model and perform an operation, but mayperform an operation by transmitting sensor information to an externaldevice, such as the AI server 200, and receiving results generated inresponse thereto.

The self-driving vehicle 100 b may determine a moving path and runningplan using at least one of map data, object information detected fromsensor information or object information obtained from an externaldevice. The self-driving vehicle 100 b may run based on the determinedmoving path and running plan by controlling the driving unit.

The map data may include object identification information for variousobjects disposed in the space (e.g., road) in which the self-drivingvehicle 100 b runs. For example, the map data may include objectidentification information for fixed objects, such as a streetlight, arock, and a building, etc., and movable objects, such as a vehicle and apedestrian. Furthermore, the object identification information mayinclude a name, a type, a distance, a location, etc.

Furthermore, the self-driving vehicle 100 b may perform an operation ormay run by controlling the driving unit based on a user'scontrol/interaction. In this case, the self-driving vehicle 100 b mayobtain intention information of an interaction according to a user'behavior or voice speaking, may determine a response based on theobtained intention information, and may perform an operation.

AI+XR to which the Present Disclosure is Applied

An AI technology is applied to the XR device 100 c, and the XR device100 c may be implemented as a head-mount display, a head-up displayprovided in a vehicle, television, a mobile phone, a smartphone, acomputer, a wearable device, home appliances, a digital signage, avehicle, a fixed type robot or a movable type robot.

The XR device 100 c may generate location data and attributes data forthree-dimensional points by analyzing three-dimensional point cloud dataor image data obtained through various sensors or from an externaldevice, may obtain information on a surrounding space or real objectbased on the generated location data and attributes data, and may outputan XR object by rendering the XR object. For example, the XR device 100c may output an XR object, including additional information for arecognized object, by making the XR object correspond to thecorresponding recognized object.

The XR device 100 c may perform the above operations using a learningmodel configured with at least one artificial neural network. Forexample, the XR device 100 c may recognize a real object inthree-dimensional point cloud data or image data using a learning model,and may provide information corresponding to the recognized real object.In this case, the learning model may have been directly trained in theXR device 100 c or may have been trained in an external device, such asthe AI server 200.

In this case, the XR device 100 c may directly generate results using alearning model and perform an operation, but may perform an operation bytransmitting sensor information to an external device, such as the AIserver 200, and receiving results generated in response thereto.

AI+Robot+Self-Driving to which the Present Disclosure is Applied

An AI technology and a self-driving technology are applied to the robot100 a, and the robot 100 a may be implemented as a guidance robot, atransport robot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainmentrobot, a pet robot, an unmanned flight robot, etc.

The robot 100 a to which the AI technology and the self-drivingtechnology have been applied may mean a robot itself having aself-driving function or may mean the robot 100 a interacting with theself-driving vehicle 100 b.

The robot 100 a having the self-driving function may collectively referto devices that autonomously move along a given flow without control ofa user or autonomously determine a flow and move.

The robot 100 a and the self-driving vehicle 100 b having theself-driving function may use a common sensing method in order todetermine one or more of a moving path or a running plan. For example,the robot 100 a and the self-driving vehicle 100 b having theself-driving function may determine one or more of a moving path or arunning plan using information sensed through LIDAR, a radar, a camera,etc.

The robot 100 a interacting with the self-driving vehicle 100 b ispresent separately from the self-driving vehicle 100 b, and may performan operation associated with a self-driving function inside or outsidethe self-driving vehicle 100 b or associated with a user got in theself-driving vehicle 100 b.

In this case, the robot 100 a interacting with the self-driving vehicle100 b may control or assist the self-driving function of theself-driving vehicle 100 b by obtaining sensor information in place ofthe self-driving vehicle 100 b and providing the sensor information tothe self-driving vehicle 100 b, or by obtaining sensor information,generating surrounding environment information or object information,and providing the surrounding environment information or objectinformation to the self-driving vehicle 100 b.

Alternatively, the robot 100 a interacting with the self-driving vehicle100 b may control the function of the self-driving vehicle 100 b bymonitoring a user got in the self-driving vehicle 100 b or through aninteraction with a user. For example, if a driver is determined to be adrowsiness state, the robot 100 a may activate the self-driving functionof the self-driving vehicle 100 b or assist control of the driving unitof the self-driving vehicle 100 b. In this case, the function of theself-driving vehicle 100 b controlled by the robot 100 a may include afunction provided by a navigation system or audio system provided withinthe self-driving vehicle 100 b, in addition to a self-driving functionsimply.

Alternatively, the robot 100 a interacting with the self-driving vehicle100 b may provide information to the self-driving vehicle 100 b or mayassist a function outside the self-driving vehicle 100 b. For example,the robot 100 a may provide the self-driving vehicle 100 b with trafficinformation, including signal information, as in a smart traffic light,and may automatically connect an electric charger to a filling inletthrough an interaction with the self-driving vehicle 100 b as in theautomatic electric charger of an electric vehicle.

AI+Robot+XR to which the Present Disclosure is Applied

An AI technology and an XR technology are applied to the robot 100 a,and the robot 100 a may be implemented as a guidance robot, a transportrobot, a cleaning robot, a wearable robot, an entertainment robot, a petrobot, an unmanned flight robot, a drone, etc.

The robot 100 a to which the XR technology has been applied may mean arobot, that is, a target of control/interaction within an XR image. Inthis case, the robot 100 a is different from the XR device 100 c, andthey may operate in conjunction with each other.

When the robot 100 a, that is, a target of control/interaction within anXR image, obtains sensor information from sensors including a camera,the robot 100 a or the XR device 100 c may generate an XR image based onthe sensor information, and the XR device 100 c may output the generatedXR image. Furthermore, the robot 100 a may operate based on a controlsignal received through the XR device 100 c or a user's interaction.

For example, a user may identify a corresponding XR image at timing ofthe robot 100 a, remotely operating in conjunction through an externaldevice, such as the XR device 100 c, may adjust the self-driving path ofthe robot 100 a through an interaction, may control an operation ordriving, or may identify information of a surrounding object.

AI+Self-Driving+XR to which the Present Disclosure is Applied

An AI technology and an XR technology are applied to the self-drivingvehicle 100 b, and the self-driving vehicle 100 b may be implemented asa movable type robot, a vehicle, an unmanned flight body, etc.

The self-driving vehicle 100 b to which the XR technology has beenapplied may mean a self-driving vehicle equipped with means forproviding an XR image or a self-driving vehicle, that is, a target ofcontrol/interaction within an XR image. Particularly, the self-drivingvehicle 100 b, that is, a target of control/interaction within an XRimage, is different from the XR device 100 c, and they may operate inconjunction with each other.

The self-driving vehicle 100 b equipped with the means for providing anXR image may obtain sensor information from sensors including a camera,and may output an XR image generated based on the obtained sensorinformation. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100 b includes anHUD, and may provide a passenger with an XR object corresponding to areal object or an object within a screen by outputting an XR image.

In this case, when the XR object is output to the HUD, at least some ofthe XR object may be output with it overlapping a real object towardwhich a passenger's view is directed. In contrast, when the XR object isdisplayed on a display included within the self-driving vehicle 100 b,at least some of the XR object may be output so that it overlaps anobject within a screen. For example, the self-driving vehicle 100 b mayoutput XR objects corresponding to objects, such as a carriageway,another vehicle, a traffic light, a signpost, a two-wheeled vehicle, apedestrian, and a building.

When the self-driving vehicle 100 b, that is, a target ofcontrol/interaction within an XR image, obtains sensor information fromsensors including a camera, the self-driving vehicle 100 b or the XRdevice 100 c may generate an XR image based on the sensor information.The XR device 100 c may output the generated XR image. Furthermore, theself-driving vehicle 100 b may operate based on a control signalreceived through an external device, such as the XR device 100 c, or auser's interaction.

Definition of Terms

eLTE eNB: The eLTE eNB is the evolution of eNB that supportsconnectivity to EPC and NGC.

gNB: A node which supports the NR as well as connectivity to NGC.

New RAN: A radio access network which supports either NR or E-UTRA orinterfaces with the NGC.

Network slice: A network slice is a network created by the operatorcustomized to provide an optimized solution for a specific marketscenario which demands specific requirements with end-to-end scope.

Network function: A network function is a logical node within a networkinfrastructure that has well-defined external interfaces andwell-defined functional behaviour.

NG-C: A control plane interface used on NG2 reference points between newRAN and NGC.

NG-U: A user plane interface used on NG3 references points between newRAN and NGC.

Non-standalone NR: A deployment configuration where the gNB requires anLTE eNB as an anchor for control plane connectivity to EPC, or requiresan eLTE eNB as an anchor for control plane connectivity to NGC.

Non-standalone E-UTRA: A deployment configuration where the eLTE eNBrequires a gNB as an anchor for control plane connectivity to NGC.

User plane gateway: A termination point of NG-U interface.

General System

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of an overall structure of a NR system towhich a method proposed by the present specification is applicable.

Referring to FIG. 4, an NG-RAN is composed of gNBs that provide an NG-RAuser plane (new AS sublayer/PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and a control plane (RRC)protocol terminal for a UE (User Equipment).

The gNBs are connected to each other via an Xn interface.

The gNBs are also connected to an NGC via an NG interface.

More specifically, the gNBs are connected to an access and mobilitymanagement function (AMF) via an N2 interface and a User Plane Function(UPF) via an N3 interface.

NR (New Rat) Numerology and Frame Structure

In the NR system, multiple numerologies may be supported. Thenumerologies may be defined by subcarrier spacing and a CP (CyclicPrefix) overhead. Spacing between the plurality of subcarriers may bederived by scaling basic subcarrier spacing into an integer N (or μ). Inaddition, although a very low subcarrier spacing is assumed not to beused at a very high subcarrier frequency, a numerology to be used may beselected independent of a frequency band.

In addition, in the NR system, a variety of frame structures accordingto the multiple numerologies may be supported.

Hereinafter, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)numerology and a frame structure, which may be considered in the NRsystem, will be described.

A plurality of OFDM numerologies supported in the NR system may bedefined as in Table 1.

TABLE 1 μ Δf = 2^(μ) · 15[kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 260 Normal, Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal 5 480 Normal

Regarding a frame structure in the NR system, a size of various fieldsin the time domain is expressed as a multiple of a time unit ofT_(s)=1/(Δf_(max)·N_(f)). In this case, Δf_(max)=480·10³ and N_(f)=4096.DL and UL transmission is configured as a radio frame having a sectionof T_(f)=(Δf_(max)N_(f)/100)·T_(s)=10 ms. The radio frame is composed often subframes each having a section ofT_(sf)=(Δf_(max)N_(f)/1000)·T_(s)=1 ms. In this case, there may be a setof UL frames and a set of DL frames.

FIG. 5 illustrates a relation between an uplink frame and a downlinkframe in a wireless communication system to which a method proposed bythe present specification is applicable.

As illustrated in FIG. 5, a UL frame number I from a User Equipment (UE)needs to be transmitted T_(TA)=N_(TA)T_(s) before the start of acorresponding DL frame in the UE.

Regarding the numerology μ, slots are numbered in ascending order ofn_(s) ^(μ)∈{0, . . . , N_(subframe) ^(slots,μ)−1} in a subframe, and inascending order of n_(s,f) ^(μ)∈{0, . . . , N_(frame) ^(slots,μ)−1} in aradio frame. One slot is composed of continuous OFDM symbols of N_(symb)^(μ), and N_(symb) ^(μ) is determined depending on a numerology in useand slot configuration. The start of slots n_(s) ^(μ) in a subframe istemporally aligned with the start of OFDM symbols n_(s) ^(μ)N_(symb)^(μ) in the same subframe.

Not all UEs are able to transmit and receive at the same time, and thismeans that not all OFDM symbols in a DL slot or an UL slot are availableto be used.

Table 2 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot for a normal CP in thenumerology μ, and Table 3 shows the number of OFDM symbols per slot foran extended CP in the numerology μ.

TABLE 2 Slot configuration 0 1 μ N_(symb) ^(μ) N_(frame) ^(slots, μ)N_(subframe) ^(slots, μ) N_(symb) ^(μ) N_(frame) ^(slots, μ)N_(subframe) ^(slots, μ) 0 14 10 1 7 20 2 1 14 20 2 7 40 4 2 14 40 4 780 8 3 14 80 8 — — — 4 14 160 16 — — — 5 14 320 32 — — —

TABLE 3 Slot configuration 0 1 μ N_(symb) ^(μ) N_(frame) ^(slots, μ)N_(subframe) ^(slots, μ) N_(symb) ^(μ) N_(frame) ^(slots, μ)N_(subframe) ^(slots, μ) 0 12 10 1 6 20 2 1 12 20 2 6 40 4 2 12 40 4 680 8 3 12 80 8 — — — 4 12 160 16 — — — 5 12 320 32 — — —

NR Physical Resource

Regarding physical resources in the NR system, an antenna port, aresource grid, a resource element, a resource block, a carrier part,etc. may be considered.

Hereinafter, the above physical resources possible to be considered inthe NR system will be described in more detail.

First, regarding an antenna port, the antenna port is defined such thata channel over which a symbol on one antenna port is transmitted can beinferred from another channel over which a symbol on the same antennaport is transmitted. When large-scale properties of a channel receivedover which a symbol on one antenna port can be inferred from anotherchannel over which a symbol on another antenna port is transmitted, thetwo antenna ports may be in a QC/QCL (quasi co-located or quasico-location) relationship. Herein, the large-scale properties mayinclude at least one of Delay spread, Doppler spread, Frequency shift,Average received power, and Received Timing.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a resource grid supported in a wirelesscommunication system to which a method proposed by the presentspecification is applicable.

Referring to FIG. 6, a resource grid is composed of N_(RB) ^(μ)N_(sc)^(RB) subcarriers in a frequency domain, each subframe composed of 14.2μOFDM symbols, but the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

In the NR system, a transmitted signal is described by one or moreresource grids, composed of N_(RB) ^(μ)N_(sc) ^(RB) subcarriers, and2^(μ)N_(symb) ^((μ)) OFDM symbols Herein, N_(RB) ^(μ)≤N_(RB) ^(max,μ).The above N_(RB) ^(max,μ) indicates the maximum transmission bandwidth,and it may change not just between numerologies, but between UL and DL.

In this case, as illustrated in FIG. 7, one resource grid may beconfigured per the numerology μ and an antenna port p.

FIG. 7 illustrates examples of a resource grid per antenna port andnumerology to which a method proposed by the present specification isapplicable.

Each element of the resource grid for the numerology μ and the antennaport p is indicated as a resource element, and may be uniquelyidentified by an index pair (k,l). Herein, k=0, . . . , N_(RB)^(μ)N_(sc) ^(RB)−1 is an index in the frequency domain, and l=0, . . . ,2^(μ)N_(symb) ^((μ))−1 indicates a location of a symbol in a subframe.To indicate a resource element in a slot, the index pair (k,l) is used,where l=0, . . . , N_(symb) ^(μ)−1.

The resource element (k,l) for the numerology μ and the antenna port pcorresponds to a complex value a_(k,l) ^((p,μ)). When there is no riskof confusion or when a specific antenna port or numerology is specified,the indexes p and μ may be dropped and thereby the complex value maybecome a_(k,l) ^((p)) or a_(k,l) .

In addition, a physical resource block is defined as N_(sc) ^(RB)=12continuous subcarriers in the frequency domain. In the frequency domain,physical resource blocks may be numbered from 0 to N_(RB) ^(μ)−1. Atthis point, a relationship between the physical resource block numbern_(PRB) and the resource elements (k,l) may be given as in Equation 1.

$\begin{matrix}{n_{PRB} = \lfloor \frac{k}{N_{sc}^{RB}} \rfloor} & \lbrack {{Equation}\mspace{14mu} 1} \rbrack\end{matrix}$

In addition, regarding a carrier part, a UE may be configured to receiveor transmit the carrier part using only a subset of a resource grid. Atthis point, a set of resource blocks which the UE is configured toreceive or transmit are numbered from 0 to N_(URB) ^(μ)−1 in thefrequency region.

Uplink Control Channel

Physical uplink control signaling should be able to carry at leasthybrid-ARQ acknowledgements, CSI reports (possibly including beamforminginformation), and scheduling requests.

At least two transmission methods are supported for an UL controlchannel supported in an NR system.

The UL control channel can be transmitted in short duration around lasttransmitted UL symbol(s) of a slot. In this case, the UL control channelis time-division-multiplexed and/or frequency-division-multiplexed withan UL data channel within a slot. For the UL control channel in shortduration, transmission over one symbol duration of a slot is supported.

-   -   Short uplink control information (UCI) and data are        frequency-division-multiplexed both within a UE and between UEs,        at least for the case where physical resource blocks (PRBs) for        short UCI and data do not overlap.    -   In order to support time division multiplexing (TDM) of a short        PUCCH from different UEs in the same slot, a mechanism is        supported to inform the UE of whether or not symbol(s) in a slot        to transmit the short PUCCH is supported at least above 6 GHz.    -   At least following is supported for the PUCCH in 1-symbol        duration: 1) UCI and a reference signal (RS) are multiplexed in        a given OFDM symbol in a frequency division multiplexing (FDM)        manner if the RS is multiplexed, and 2) there is the same        subcarrier spacing between downlink (DL)/uplink (UL) data and        PUCCH in short-duration in the same slot.    -   At least a PUCCH in short-duration spanning 2-symbol duration of        a slot is supported. In this instance, there is the same        subcarrier spacing between DL/UL data and the PUCCH in        short-duration in the same slot.    -   At least semi-static configuration, in which a PUCCH resource of        a given UE within a slot. i.e., short PUCCHs of different UEs        can be time-division multiplexed within a given duration in a        slot, is supported.    -   The PUCCH resource includes a time domain, a frequency domain,        and when applicable, a code domain.    -   The PUCCH in short-duration can span until an end of a slot from        UE perspective. In this instance, no explicit gap symbol is        necessary after the PUCCH in short-duration.    -   For a slot (i.e., DL-centric slot) having a short UL part,        ‘short UCI’ and data can be frequency-division multiplexed by        one UE if data is scheduled on the short UL part.

The UL control channel can be transmitted in long duration over multipleUL symbols so as to improve coverage. In this case, the UL controlchannel is frequency-division-multiplexed with the UL data channelwithin a slot.

-   -   UCI carried by a long duration UL control channel at least with        a low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) design can be        transmitted in one slot or multiple slots.    -   Transmission across multiple slots is allowed for a total        duration (e.g. 1 ms) for at least some cases.    -   In the case of the long duration UL control channel, the TDM        between the RS and the UCI is supported for DFT-S-OFDM.    -   A long UL part of a slot can be used for transmission of PUCCH        in long-duration. That is, the PUCCH in long-duration is        supported for both a UL-only slot and a slot having the variable        number of symbols comprised of a minimum of 4 symbols.    -   For at least 1 or 2 UCI bits, the UCI can be repeated within N        slots (N>1), and the N slots may be adjacent or may not be        adjacent in slots where PUCCH in long-duration is allowed.    -   Simultaneous transmission of PUSCH and PUCCH for at least the        long PUCCH is supported. That is, uplink control on PUCCH        resources is transmitted even in the case of the presence of        data. In addition to the simultaneous PUCCH-PUSCH transmission,        UCI on the PUSCH is supported.    -   Intra-TTI slot frequency-hopping is supported.    -   DFT-s-OFDM waveform is supported.    -   Transmit antenna diversity is supported.

Both TDM and FDM between short duration PUCCH and long duration PUCCHare supported at least for different UEs in one slot. In a frequencydomain, a PRB (or multiple PRBs) is a minimum resource unit size for theUL control channel. If hopping is used, a frequency resource and thehopping may not spread over a carrier bandwidth. Further, a UE-specificRS is used for NR-PUCCH transmission. A set of PUCCH resources isconfigured by higher layer signaling, and a PUCCH resource within theconfigured set is indicated by downlink control information (DCI).

As part of the DCI, it should be possible to dynamically indicate (atleast in combination with RRC) the timing between data reception andhybrid-ARQ acknowledgement transmission. A combination of thesemi-static configuration and (for at least some types of UCIinformation) dynamic signaling is used to determine the PUCCH resourcefor both ‘long and short PUCCH formats’. Here, the PUCCH resourceincludes a time domain, a frequency domain, and when applicable, a codedomain. The UCI on the PUSCH, i.e., using some of the scheduledresources for the UCI is supported in case of simultaneous transmissionof UCI and data.

At least UL transmission of at least single HARQ-ACK bit is supported. Amechanism enabling the frequency diversity is supported. In case ofultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC), a time intervalbetween scheduling request (SR) resources configured for a UE can beless than a slot.

Hybrid Beamforming

Existing beamforming technology using multiple antennas may beclassified into an analog beamforming scheme and a digital beamformingscheme according to a location to which beamforming weightvector/precoding vector is applied.

The analog beamforming scheme is a beamforming technique applied to aninitial multi-antenna structure. The analog beamforming scheme may meana beamforming technique which branches analog signals subjected todigital signal processing into multiple paths and then appliesphase-shift (PS) and power-amplifier (PA) configurations for each path.

For analog beamforming, a structure in which an analog signal derivedfrom a single digital signal is processed by the PA and the PS connectedto each antenna is required. In other words, in an analog stage, acomplex weight is processed by the PA and the PS.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a block diagram of a transmitterconsisting of an analog beamformer and an RF chain. FIG. 8 is merely forconvenience of explanation and does not limit the scope of the presentinvention.

In FIG. 8, the RF chain means a processing block for converting abaseband (BB) signal into an analog signal. The analog beamformingscheme determines beam accuracy according to characteristics of elementsof the PA and PS and may be suitable for narrowband transmission due tocontrol characteristics of the elements.

Further, since the analog beamforming scheme is configured with ahardware structure in which it is difficult to implement multi-streamtransmission, a multiplexing gain for transfer rate enhancement isrelatively small. In addition, in this case, beamforming per UE based onorthogonal resource allocation may not be easy.

On the contrary, in the case of digital beamforming scheme, beamformingis performed in a digital stage using a baseband (BB) process in orderto maximize diversity and multiplexing gain in a MIMO environment.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a block diagram of a transmitterconsisting of a digital beamformer and an RF chain. FIG. 9 is merely forconvenience of explanation and does not limit the scope of the presentinvention.

In FIG. 9, beamforming can be performed as precoding is performed in aBB process. Here, the RF chain includes a PA. This is because a complexweight derived for beamforming is directly applied to transmission datain the case of digital beamforming scheme.

Furthermore, since different beamforming can be performed per UE, it ispossible to simultaneously support multi-user beamforming. Besides,since independent beamforming can be performed per UE to whichorthogonal resources are assigned, scheduling flexibility can beimproved and thus a transmitter operation suitable for the systempurpose can be performed. In addition, if a technology such as MIMO-OFDMis applied in an environment supporting wideband transmission,independent beamforming can be performed per subcarrier.

Accordingly, the digital beamforming scheme can maximize a maximumtransfer rate of a single UE (or user) based on system capacityenhancement and enhanced beam gain. On the basis of the above-describedproperties, digital beamforming based MIMO scheme has been introduced toexisting 3G/4G (e.g., LTE(-A)) system.

In the NR system, a massive MIMO environment in which the number oftransmit/receive antennas greatly increases may be considered. Incellular communication, a maximum number of transmit/receive antennasapplied to an MIMO environment is generally assumed to be 8. However, asthe massive MIMO environment is considered, the number oftransmit/receive antennas may increase to tens or hundreds or more.

If the aforementioned digital beamforming scheme is applied in themassive MIMO environment, a transmitter has to perform signal processingon hundreds of antennas through a BB process for digital signalprocessing. Hence, signal processing complexity may significantlyincrease, and complexity of hardware implementation may remarkablyincrease because as many RF chains as the number of antennas arerequired.

Furthermore, the transmitter needs independent channel estimation forall the antennas. In addition, in case of an FDD system, since thetransmitter requires feedback information about a massive MIMO channelcomposed of all antennas, pilot and/or feedback overhead mayconsiderably increase.

On the other hand, when the aforementioned analog beamforming scheme isapplied in the massive MIMO environment, hardware complexity of thetransmitter is relatively low.

However, an increase degree of a performance using multiple antennas isvery low, and flexibility of resource allocation may decrease. Inparticular, it is difficult to control the beam per frequency in thewideband transmission.

Accordingly, instead of exclusively selecting only one of the analogbeamforming scheme and the digital beamforming scheme in the massiveMIMO environment, there is a need for a hybrid transmitter configurationscheme in which an analog beamforming structure and a digitalbeamforming structure are combined.

Analog Beam Scanning

In general, analog beamforming may be used in a pure analog beamformingtransmitter/receiver and a hybrid beamforming transmitter/receiver. Inthis instance, analog beam scanning can perform estimation for one beamat the same time. Thus, a beam training time required for the beamscanning is proportional to the total number of candidate beams.

As described above, the analog beamforming necessarily requires a beamscanning process in a time domain for beam estimation of thetransmitter/receiver. In this instance, an estimation time T_(s) for allof transmit and receive beams may be represented by the followingEquation 2.

T _(s) =t _(s)×(K _(T) ×K _(R))  [Equation 2]

In Equation 2, is denotes time required to scan one beam, K_(T) denotesthe number of transmit beams, and K_(R) denotes the number of receivebeams.

FIG. 10 shows an example of an analog beam scanning method.

In FIG. 10, it is assumed that the total number K_(T) of transmit beamsis L, and the total number K_(R) of receive beams is 1. In this case,since the total number of candidate beams is L, L time intervals arerequired in the time domain.

In other words, since only the estimation of one beam can be performedin a single time interval for analog beam estimation, L time intervalsare required to estimate all of L beams P₁ to P_(L) as shown in FIG. 10.The UE feeds back, to the base station, an identifier (ID) of a beamwith a highest signal strength after an analog beam estimation procedureis ended. That is, as the number of individual beams increases accordingto an increase in the number of transmit/receive antennas, a longertraining time may be required.

Because the analog beamforming changes a magnitude and a phase angle ofa continuous waveform of the time domain after a digital-to-analogconverter (DAC), a training interval for an individual beam needs to besecured for the analog beamforming, unlike the digital beamforming.Thus, as a length of the training interval increases, efficiency of thesystem may decrease (i.e., a loss of the system may increase).

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a comparison of beam scanningapplication methods. FIG. 11(a) is an Exaustive search method and FIG.11(b) is a multi-level search method.

The number of search spaces in the Exaustive search method (The No. ofsearch space) is shown in Table 4 below.

TABLE 4 Beam-width: 1° Beam-width: 5° Beam-width: 10° 2D 360 72 36 3D129,600 5,184 1,296

The number of search spaces in the multi-level search method is shown inTable 5 below.

TABLE 5 Beam-width: 1° Beam-width: 10° Coarse beam Fine beam Coarse beamFine beam 2D 8 45 8 4.5 3D 64 2,025 64 20.25

Regarding the feedback, an Exaustive search method feeds back the bestTx beam ID. In a multi-level search method, the best sector beam ID isfed back for a coarse beam and the best fine beam ID is fed back for afine beam.

Regarding current industrial and standards, there is no related standardfor an Exaustive search method, and there are 802.15.3c and 802.11 adfor a multi-level search method.

More details regarding the beam scanning have been described in [1] J.Wang, Z. Lan, “Beam codebook based beamforming protocol for multi-Gbpsmillimeter-wave WPAN systems,” IEEE J. Select. Areas in Commun., vol.27, no. 8 [2] J. Kim, AFMolisch, “Adaptive Millimeter-Wave Beam Trainingfor Fast Link Configuration,” USC CSI's 30th conference [3] T. Nitsche,“Blind Beam Steering: Removing 60 GHz Beam Steering Overhead,”.

Reference Signals in NR

The downlink (DL) physical layer signals of the 3GPP NR system are asfollows. For more details, refer to 3GPP TS 38.211 and TS 38.214.

-   -   CSI-RS: Signal for DL CSI (channel state information)        acquisition and DL beam measurement        -   TRS (tracking RS): Signal for fine time/frequency tracking            of UE    -   DL DMRS: RS for PDSCH demodulation    -   DL PT-RS (phase-tracking RS): RS transmitted for compensation of        phase noise        -   SSB (synchronization signal block): A resource block            composed of a specific number of symbols & resource blocks            in time/frequency side consisting of a primary            synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization            signal (SSS), and a PBCH (+PBCH DMRS) (Signals in one SSB            apply the same beam)

In addition, UL (uplink) physical layer signals of the 3GPP NR systemare as follows. Similarly, for more detailed information, refer to 3GPPTS 38.211 and TS 38.214.

-   -   SRS: Signal for UL CSI (channel state information) acquisition,        UL beam measurement, and antenna port selection    -   UL DMRS: RS for PUSCH demodulation    -   UL PT-RS (phase-tracking RS): RS transmitted for compensation of        phase noise of BS

PRACH Design and RA Procedure in NR

The following description is a brief summary of a PRACH design andrandom access procedure of a 3GPP NR system, and may differ from theaccurate design and simultaneous design of NR.

The accurate design may vary slightly by release and by version, and isdescribed in 3GPP TS 38.211, TS 38.212, TS 38.213, TS 38.214, TS 38.321,and TS 38.331.

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH) Design

First, the principle of PRACH design will be described.

-   -   Supports beam-based PRACH preamble transmission and reception    -   Supports both FDD and TDD frame structures    -   Provides dynamic cell range (up to 100 km)    -   Supports high speed vehicle (e.g., up to 500 km/h)    -   Supports wide frequency range (e.g., up to 100 GHz)

Next, a sequence for the PRACH preamble will be described.

-   -   ZC sequence    -   Provides excellent cross correlation characteristics and low        PAPR/CM

Sequence of two lengths for the PRACH preamble in NR

-   -   Long preamble sequence (L=839) (Use Case) use only for LTE        coverage and high-speed case/FR1    -   Short preamble sequence (L=139)

Multi-beam scenario and TDD frame structure support/preamble is alignedwith OFDM symbol boundary/use for both FR1 and FR2

In the case of FR1, it supports subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz and 30 khz.

In the case of FR2, it supports subcarrier spacing of 60 kHz and 120kHz.

Table 6 illustrates an example of a long sequence-based PRACH preamble,and relates to a long preamble format (LRA=839, subcarrierspacing={1.25, 5}kHz).

TABLE 6 TCP TSEQ TGP Format SCS (Ts) (Ts) (Ts) Use Case 0 1.25 kHz 3168k24576k  2976k LTE coverage 1 1.25 kHz 21024k  2 · 24576k 21984k Largecell, Up to 100 km 2 1.25 kHz 4688k 4 · 24576k 19888k Related 3   5 kHz3168k 4 · 6144k   2976k High speed

Table 7 illustrates an example of a short sequence-based PRACH preamble,and relates to short preamble formats (LRA=139, subcarrier spacing={15,30, 60, 120} kHz).

TABLE 7 Path Path Maximum # of profile profile Cell radius FormatSequence TCP TSEQ TGP (Ts) (us) (meter) A 1 2 288k · 2^(−u) 2 · 2048k ·2^(−u)  0k · 2^(−u) 96 3.13 938 2 4 576k · 2^(−u) 4 · 2048k · 2^(−u)  0k· 2^(−u) 144 4.69 2,109 3 6 864k · 2^(−u) 6 · 2048k · 2^(−u)  0k ·2^(−u) 144 4.69 3,516 B 1 2 216k · 2^(−u) 2 · 2048k · 2^(−u)  72k ·2^(−u) 72 3.13 469 2 4 360k · 2^(−u) 4 · 2048k · 2^(−u) 216k · 2^(−u)144 4.69 1,055 3 6 504k · 2^(−u) 6 · 2048k · 2^(−u) 360k · 2^(−u) 1444.69 1,758 4 12 936k · 2^(−u) 12 · 2048k · 2^(−u)  792k · 2^(−u) 1444.69 3,867 C 0 1 1240k · 2^(−u)  2048k · 2^(−u) 1096k · 2^(−u)  144 4.695300 2 4 2048k · 2^(−u)  4 · 2048k · 2^(−u) 2912k · 2^(−u)  144 4.699200

Next, an RACH slot will be described.

The RACH slot includes one or more RACH occasion(s).

A slot duration is 1 ms for {1.25 kHz, 5 kHz} subcarrier spacing, andhas a scalable duration (i.e., 1 ms, 0.5 ms, 0.25 ms, 0.125 ms) for {15kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz} subcarrier spacing.

For short preamble formats, a start OFDM symbol index in the RACH slothas {0,2,x} values.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of start OFDM symbols. Specifically, FIG.12 a illustrates a case where the start OFDM symbol is ‘0’, and FIG. 12billustrates a case where the start OFDM symbol is ‘2’.

Next, a RACH configuration table will be described.

A number of tables may be defined according to a frequency range andduplex scheme.

-   -   FDD and FR1 (for both long preamble and short preamble formats)    -   TDD and FR1 (for both long preamble and short preamble formats)    -   TDD and FR2 (only in a short preamble format)

FIG. 13 illustrates an example of a RACH configuration table.

The association between SSB and RACH occasions will be described.

-   -   Time interval from SSB to RO association

A smallest value in a set determined by the RACH configuration.

All of the actually transmitted SSBs may be mapped to ROs within thetime interval at least once.

Table 8 illustrates an example of a RACH configuration interval and amapping interval set, and FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an exampleof a RACH configuration interval and a mapping interval set.

TABLE 8 Mapping Period set (# of RACH RACH configuration period (ms)configuration period) 10 {1, 2, 4, 8, 16} 20 {1, 2, 4, 8} 40 {1, 2, 4}80 {1, 2} 160 {1}

Random Access (RA) Procedure

RA may be triggered by several events.

-   -   Initial access in RRC_IDLE    -   RRC connection re-establishment procedure    -   Handover    -   When an UL synchronization status is asynchronous, DL or UL data        arrives during RRC_CONNECTED    -   Transition in RRC_INACTIVE    -   Request other system information (SI)    -   Beam failure recovery

Two types of RACH procedures in NR will be described with reference toFIG. 15.

FIG. 15a illustrates a contention based RACH procedure, and FIG. 15billustrates a contention free RACH procedure.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of an overall RACH procedure.

First, MSG1 transmission will be described.

Subcarrier spacing for MSG1 is configured in an RACH configuration, anda handover command is provided for an RA procedure without contentionfor handover.

Preamble indices for contention based random access (CBRA) andcontention free random access (CFRA) are continuously mapped to one SSBin one RACH transmission occasion.

-   -   CBRA    -   The association between an SS block (SSB) and a subset of RACH        resources and/or preamble indices within an SS burst set is        configured by a parameter set in RMSI.    -   CFRA    -   The UE may be configured to transmit multiple MSG1s through a        dedicated multiple RACH transmission occasion in a time domain        before the end of a monitored RAR window.

The association between the CFRA preamble and SSB is re-configuredthrough UE-specific RRC.

Next, a random access response (MSG2) configuration will be described.

Subcarrier spacing (SCS) for MSG2 is the same as SCS of the remainingminimum SI (RMSI).

A contention-free RA procedure for handover is provided in a handovercommand.

MSG2 is transmitted within a UE minimum DL BW.

The size of the RAR window is the same for all RACH occasions and isconfigured in RMSI.

-   -   Maximum window size: depends on the worst gNB delay after Msg1        reception including processing delay, scheduling delay, etc.    -   Minimum window size: depends on duration of Msg2 or CORESET and        scheduling delay.

Next, a timing advance (TA) command in MSG2 will be described.

It is used for controlling uplink signal transmission timing.

First, in the case of LTE,

TA resolution is 16 Ts (Ts=1/(2048×15000)).

ATA range is 1282×TA step size to 667.66.→100.16

In RAR, the timing advance (TA) has a value from 0 to 1,282 and isconfigured with 11 bits.

In the case of NR,

It is used in very long coverage (150 Km to 300 Km) in TR38.913.

TA increases by 2,564 or 3,846 TA_step (12 its).

FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a TA.

RA-RNTI

RA_RNTI is determined by transmitting timing of a PRACH Preamble by theUE.

That is, RA_RNTI may be determined by the following equation.

RA_RNTI=1+s_id+14*t_id+14*X*f_id+14*X*Y*ul_carrier_id  [Equation 3]

In Equation 3, s_id represents a first OFDM symbol index (0≤s_id<14),t_id represents a first slot index in a system frame (0≤t_id<X), X is 80fixed for 120 kHz SCS, f_id represents a frequency domain index(0≤f_id<Y), Y is 8 fixed for the maximum #n of FDMed RO, andul_carrier_id represents an indication of a UL carrier (0:normal,1:SUL).

A minimum gap between MSG2 and MSG3 is duration of N1+duration ofN2+L2+TA.

Here, N1 and N2 are front loaded+additional DMRS and UE capability, L2is MAC processing latency (500 us), and TA is the same as a maximumtiming advance value.

When MSG2 does not include a response to a transmitted preamblesequence,

A new preamble sequence is transmitted after duration of N1+Δnew+L2.

Table 9 illustrates an example of DCI format 1-0 having RA-RNTI.

TABLE 9 Field Bits Comment Identifier for DCI formats 1 ReservedFrequency domain resource assignment Time domain resource X Defined inSubclause assignment 5.1.2.1 of TS 38.214 VRB-to-PRB mapping 1Modulation and coding 5 Use MCS table without scheme 256QAM (UEcapabilities not yet known) New data indicator 1 Reserved Redundancyversion 2 Reserved HARQ process number 4 Reserved Downlink assignmentindex 2 Reserved TPC command for 2 Reserved scheduled PUCCH PUCCHresource indicator 3 Reserved PDSCH-to-HARQ feedback 3 Reserved timingindicator

Next, Message3 will be described.

MSG3 is scheduled by uplink grant in RAR.

The MSG3 is transmitted after a minimum time interval from the end ofMSG2.

Transmit power of MSG3 is configured in MSG2.

The SCS for MSG3 is configured in RMSI including 1 bit (independentlyfrom the SCS for MSG1).

MSG3 includes UE-Identity and establishment cause.

First, for UE-Identity, IMSI is transmitted in a message when it isfirst attached to a network.

When the UE is previously attached, S-TMSI is included in the message.

The establishment cause may include emergency, MO-signaling, MO-data,MT-access, high-priority access, and the like.

Table 10 illustrates an example of DCI format 0-0 having TC-RNTI forMSG3 retransmission.

TABLE 10 Field Bits Comment Identifier for DCI formats 1 Indicate ULFrequency domain resource assignment Time domain resource X Defined inSubclause assignment 5.1.2.1 of TS 38.214 VRB-to-PRB mapping 1Modulation and coding 5 Use MCS table without scheme 256QAM (UEcapabilities not yet known) New data indicator 1 Reserved Redundancyversion 2 Defined in Table 7.3.1.1.1-2 HARQ process number 4 ReservedHARQ process 0 is always used TPC command for [2] Defined in Subclause7.2.1 scheduled PUCCH of TS 38.213 UL/SUL indicator 1

An MSG4 configuration will be described.

The MSG4 configuration is limited within a UE minimum DL BW.

The SCS for MSG4 is the same as numerology for RMSI and MSG2.

A minimum gap between MSG4 and the start of HARQ-ACK is N1+L2.

Here, N1 denotes a UE processing time, and L2 denotes a MAC layerprocessing time.

The distinction between retransmission order of MSG 3 and MSG4 will bedescribed.

MSG3 retransmission: DCI format 0-0 having TC-RNTI

MSG4: DCI format 1-0 having TC-RNTI

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of MSG3 retransmission and MSG4transmission.

Table 11 illustrates an example of DCI format 1-0 having TC-RNTI forMSG4.

TABLE 11 Field Bits Comment Identifier for DCI formats 1 Indicate ULFrequency domain resource assignment Time domain resource X Defined inSubclause assignment 5.1.2.1 of TS 38.214 VRB-to-PRB mapping 1Modulation and coding 5 Use UE-capability- scheme independent MCS tableNew data indicator 1 Reserved Redundancy version 2 Defined in Table7.3.1.1.1-2 HARQ process number 4 Reserved HARQ process 0 is always usedTPC command for [2] Defined in Subclause 7.2.1 scheduled PUCCH of TS38.213 UL/SUL indicator 1

Hereinafter, a random access procedure of an NR system will be describedin more detail.

The UE may transmit PRACH preamble in UL as Msg1 of the random accessprocedure.

Random access preamble sequences, of two different lengths aresupported. Long sequence length 839 is applied with subcarrier spacingsof 1.25 and 5 kHz and short sequence length 139 is applied withsub-carrier spacings 15, 30, 60 and 120 kHz. Long sequences supportunrestricted sets and restricted sets of Type A and Type B, while shortsequences support unrestricted sets only.

Multiple RACH preamble formats are defined with one or more RACH OFDMsymbols, and different cyclic prefix and guard time. The PRACH preambleconfiguration to use is provided to the UE in the system information.

When there is no response to the Msg1, the UE may retransmit the PRACHpreamble with power sampling within the prescribed number of times. TheUE calculates the PRACH transmit power for the retransmission of thepreamble based on the most recent estimate pathloss and power rampingcounter. If the UE conducts beam switching, the counter of power rampingremains unchanged.

The system information informs the UE of the association between the SSblocks and the RACH resources.

FIG. 19 shows the concept of threshold of the SS block for RACH resourceassociation.

Referring to FIG. 19, the threshold of the SS block for RACH resourceassociation is based on the RSRP and network configurable. Transmissionor retransmission of RACH preamble is based on the SS blocks thatsatisfy the threshold.

When the UE receives random access response on DL-SCH, the DL-SCH mayprovide timing alignment information, RA-preamble ID, initial UL grantand Temporary C-RNTI.

Based on this information, the UE may transmit UL transmission on UL-SCHas Msg3 of the random access procedure. Msg3 can include RRC connectionrequest and UE identifier.

In response to the Msg3, the network may transmit Msg4, which can betreated as contention resolution message on DL. By receiving this, theUE may enter into RRC connected state.

Specific explanation for each of the steps is as follows:

Prior to initiation of the physical random access procedure, Layer 1shall receive from higher layers a set of SS/PBCH block indexes andshall provide to higher layers a corresponding set of RSRP measurements.

Prior to initiation of the physical random access procedure, Layer 1shall receive the following information from the higher layers:

-   -   Configuration of physical random access channel (PRACH)        transmission parameters (PRACH preamble format, time resources,        and frequency resources for PRACH transmission).

Parameters for determining the root sequences and their cyclic shifts inthe PRACH preamble sequence set (index to logical root sequence table,cyclic shift (N_(CS)), and set type (unrestricted, restricted set A, orrestricted set B)).

From the physical layer perspective, the L1 random access procedureencompasses the transmission of random access preamble (Msg1) in aPRACH, random access response (RAR) message with a PDCCH/PDSCH (Msg2),and when applicable, the transmission of Msg3 PUSCH, and PDSCH forcontention resolution.

If a random access procedure is initiated by a “PDCCH order” to the UE,a random access preamble transmission is with a same subcarrier spacingas a random access preamble transmission initiated by higher layers.

If a UE is configured with two UL carriers for a serving cell and the UEdetects a “PDCCH order”, the UE uses the UL/SUL indicator field valuefrom the detected “PDCCH order” to determine the UL carrier for thecorresponding random access preamble transmission.

Regarding the random access preamble transmission step, physical randomaccess procedure is triggered upon request of a PRACH transmission byhigher layers or by a PDCCH order. A configuration by higher layers fora PRACH transmission includes the following:

-   -   A configuration for PRACH transmission.    -   A preamble index, a preamble subcarrier spacing,        P_(PRACH,target), a corresponding RA-RNTI, and a PRACH resource.

A preamble is transmitted using the selected PRACH format withtransmission power P_(PRAcHb,f,c)(i), on the indicated PRACH resource.

A UE is provided a number of SS/PBCH blocks associated with one PRACHoccasion by the value of higher layer parameter SSB-perRACH-Occasion. Ifthe value of SSB-perRACH-Occasion is smaller than one, one SS/PBCH blockis mapped to 1/SSB-per-rach-occasion consecutive PRACH occasions.

The UE is provided a number of preambles per SS/PBCH block by the valueof higher layer parameter cb-preamblePerSSB and the UE determines atotal number of preambles per SSB per PRACH occasion as the multiple ofthe value of SSB-perRACH-Occasion and the value of cb-preamblePerSSB.

SS/PBCH block indexes are mapped to PRACH occasions in the followingorder.

-   -   First, in increasing order of preamble indexes within a single        PRACH occasion.    -   Second, in increasing order of frequency resource indexes for        frequency multiplexed PRACH occasions.    -   Third, in increasing order of time resource indexes for time        multiplexed PRACH occasions within a PRACH slot.    -   Fourth, in increasing order of indexes for PRACH slots.

The period, starting from frame 0, for the mapping of SS/PBCH blocks toPRACH occasions is the smallest of {1, 2, 4} PRACH configuration periodsthat is larger than or equal to ┌N_(Tx) ^(SSB)/N_(PRACH period) ^(SSB)┐,where the UE obtains N_(Tx) ^(SSB) from higher layer parameterSSB-transmitted-SIB1 and N_(PRACH period) ^(SSB) is the number ofSS/PBCH blocks that can be mapped to one PRACH configuration period.

If a random access procedure is initiated by a PDCCH order, the UEshall, if requested by higher layers, transmit a PRACH in the firstavailable PRACH occasion for which a time between the last symbol of thePDCCH order reception and the first symbol of the PRACH transmission islarger than or equal to N_(T,2)+Δ_(BWPSwitching)+Δ_(Delay) msec whereN_(T,2) is a time duration of N₂ symbols corresponding to a PUSCHpreparation time for PUSCH processing capability 1, Δ_(BWPSwitching) ispre-defined, and Δ_(Delay)>0.

In response to a PRACH transmission, a UE attempts to detect a PDCCHwith a corresponding RA-RNTI during a window controlled by higherlayers. The window starts at the first symbol of the earliest controlresource set the UE is configured for Type1-PDCCH common search spacethat is at least ┌(Δ·N_(slot) ^(subframe,μ)·N_(symb) ^(slot))/T_(sf)┐symbols after the last symbol of the preamble sequence transmission. Thelength of the window in number of slots, based on the subcarrier spacingfor Type0-PDCCH common search space is provided by higher layerparameter rar-WindowLength.

If a UE detects the PDCCH with the corresponding RA-RNTI and acorresponding PDSCH that includes a DL-SCH transport block within thewindow, the UE passes the transport block to higher layers.

The higher layers parse the transport block for a random access preambleidentity (RAPID) associated with the PRACH transmission. If the higherlayers identify the RAPID in RAR message(s) of the DL-SCH transportblock, the higher layers indicate an uplink grant to the physical layer.This is referred to as random access response (RAR) UL grant in thephysical layer. If the higher layers do not identify the RAPIDassociated with the PRACH transmission, the higher layers can indicateto the physical layer to transmit a PRACH.

A minimum time between the last symbol of the PDSCH reception and thefirst symbol of the PRACH transmission is equal to N_(T,1)+Δ_(new)+0.5msec where N_(T,1) is a time duration of symbols corresponding to aPDSCH reception time for PDSCH processing capability 1 when additionalPDSCH DM-RS is configured and Δ_(new)≥0.

A UE shall receive the PDCCH with the corresponding RA-RNTI and thecorresponding PDSCH that includes the DL-SCH transport block with thesame DM-RS antenna port quasi co-location properties, as for a detectedSS/PBCH block or a received CSI-RS. If the UE attempts to detect thePDCCH with the corresponding RA-RNTI in response to a PRACH transmissioninitiated by a PDCCH order, the UE assumes that the PDCCH and the PDCCHorder have same DM-RS antenna port quasi co-location properties.

A RAR UL grant schedules a PUSCH transmission from the UE (Msg3 PUSCH).The contents of the RAR UL grant, starting with the MSB and ending withthe LSB, are given in Table 12. Table 12 shows random access responsegrant content field size.

TABLE 12 RAR grant field Number of bits Frequency hopping flag 1 Msg3PUSCH frequency resource allocation 12 Msg3 PUSCH time resourceallocation 4 MCS 4 TPC command for Msg3 PUSCH 3 CSI request 1 Resevedbits 3

The Msg3 PUSCH frequency resource allocation is for uplink resourceallocation type 1. In case of frequency hopping, based on the indicationof the frequency hopping flag field, the first one or two bits,N_(UL,hop) bits, of the Msg3 PUSCH frequency resource allocation fieldare used as hopping information bits as described in following [TableI.5].

The MCS is determined from the first sixteen indices of the applicableMCS index table for PUSCH. The TPC command δ_(msg2,b,f,c) is used forsetting the power of the Msg3 PUSCH, and is interpreted according toTable 13. Table 13 shows TPC command δ_(msg2,b,f,c) for Msg3 PUSCH.

TABLE 13 TPC Command Value(in dB) 0 −6 1 −4 2 −2 3 0 4 2 5 4 6 6 7 8

In non-contention based random access procedure, the CSI request fieldis interpreted to determine whether an aperiodic CSI report is includedin the corresponding PUSCH transmission. In contention based randomaccess procedure, the CSI request field is reserved.

Unless a UE is configured a subcarrier spacing, the UE receivessubsequent PDSCH using same subcarrier spacing as for the PDSCHreception providing the RAR message.

If a UE does not detect the PDCCH with a corresponding RA-RNTI and acorresponding DL-SCH transport block within the window, the UE performsthe procedure for random access response reception failure.

For example, the UE may perform power ramping for retransmission of theRandom Access Preamble based on a power ramping counter. However, thepower ramping counter remains unchanged if a UE conducts beam switchingin the PRACH retransmissions as shown in FIG. 20 below.

Referring to FIG. 20, the UE may increase the power ramping counter by1, when the UE retransmit the random access preamble for the same beam.However, when the beam had been changed, the power ramping counterremains unchanged.

Regarding Msg3 PUSCH transmission, higher layer parameter msg3-tpindicates to a UE whether or not the UE shall apply transform precoding,for an Msg3 PUSCH transmission. If the UE applies transform precoding toan Msg3 PUSCH transmission with frequency hopping, the frequency offsetfor the second hop is given in Table 14. Table 14 shows frequency offsetfor second hop for Msg3 PUSCH transmission with frequency hopping.

TABLE 14 Number of PRBs in initial Value of N_(UL, hop) Frequency offsetfor 2nd active UL BWP Hopping Bits hop N_(BWP) ^(size) < 50 0 N_(BWP)^(size)/2 1 N_(BWP) ^(size)/4 N_(BWP) ^(size) ≥ 50 00 N_(BWP) ^(size)/201 N_(BWP) ^(size)/4 10 −N_(BWP) ^(size)/4  11 Reserved

The subcarrier spacing for Msg3 PUSCH transmission is provided by higherlayer parameter msg3-scs. A UE shall transmit PRACH and Msg3 PUSCH on asame uplink carrier of the same serving cell. An UL BWP for Msg3 PUSCHtransmission is indicated by SystemInformationBlockType1.

A minimum time between the last symbol of a PDSCH reception conveying aRAR and the first symbol of a corresponding Msg3 PUSCH transmissionscheduled by the RAR in the PDSCH for a UE when the PDSCH and the PUSCHhave a same subcarrier spacing is equal toN_(T,1)+N_(T,2)+N_(TA,max)+0.5 msec. N_(T,1) is a time duration of N₁symbols corresponding to a PDSCH reception time for PDSCH processingcapability 1 when additional PDSCH DM-RS is configured, N_(T,2) is atime duration of N₂ symbols corresponding to a PUSCH preparation timefor PUSCH processing capability 1, and N_(TA,max) is the maximum timingadjustment value that can be provided by the TA command field in theRAR.

In response to an Msg3 PUSCH transmission when a UE has not beenprovided with a C-RNTI, the UE attempts to detect a PDCCH with acorresponding TC-RNTI scheduling a PDSCH that includes a UE contentionresolution identity. In response to the PDSCH reception with the UEcontention resolution identity, the UE transmits HARQ-ACK information ina PUCCH. A minimum time between the last symbol of the PDSCH receptionand the first symbol of the corresponding HARQ-ACK transmission is equalto N_(T,1)+0.5 msec. N_(T,1) is a time duration of N₁ symbolscorresponding to a PDSCH reception time for PDSCH processing capability1 when additional PDSCH DM-RS is configured.

In current/future wireless communication systems, various UE types needto be considered and supported.

A current LTE system is optimized for single panel UEs.

Multi-panel UEs are supported in a very limited range of Rel-15 NRsystem.

In Rel-15 NR, multiple SRS resources may be configured in the UE. Whenthe multiple SRS resources are configured in the UE, the UE may transmita set of SRS antenna ports configured in an SRS resource from one paneland a set of another SRS ports configured in another SRS resource fromanother panel.

For non-codebook based uplink transmission, a set of SRS resources maybe transmitted from the same panel by applying different beams, andanother set of SRS resources may be transmitted from other panels byapplying different beams. Here, only one port (i.e., port-wise) SRSbeamforming is applied to each SRS resource. That is, each SRSresource/port corresponds to a layer candidate to be applied to PUSCHtransmission in the future.

In summary, the UE may use different transmission panels fortransmission of different (sets of) SRS resources.

After receiving and comparing SRS ports in a gNB, the gNB selects one ofthe configured SRS resources, and transmits an SRS resource indicator(SRI) together with a transmit precoding matrix indicator (TPMI) and atransmit rank indicator (TRI) for codebook-based PUSCH transmission.

When the UE accurately receives a command, the UE needs to use a panelindicated through the SRI for PUSCH transmission. For non-codebook basedUL transmission, the gNB only transmits an SRI(s), and the UE needs toapply a layer selected from the panel.

When Rel-15 codebook (CB) based UL transmission is applied tomulti-panel UEs, it has the following limitations.

-   -   Different number of transmission antenna ports per panel are not        supported    -   For PUSCH transmission, simultaneous use of multi-panels is        disabled or limitedly supported

For non-codebook based UL transmission, the following limitations exist.

-   -   Ambiguity on a method of mapping each SRS resource to each panel    -   For PUSCH transmission, multiple panels cannot be used        simultaneously or are limitedly supported.

Another important point for multi-panel UEs is a distance betweenpanels.

For handheld devices, a distance between the panels is not long, but forlarge devices such as automobiles, a distance between the panels may belong.

For a vehicle UE, a vehicle (e.g., automobile) may be a device thatreceives a signal for downlink (DL) and that transmits a signal foruplink (UL).

For sidelink, the vehicle may be a transmitter and/or a receiver. Mostof the current vehicles have antennas that are geographically co-located(e.g., single panel), but in order to obtain a more gain from multipleantennas (e.g., beamforming, spatial diversity), and to satisfy NRrequirements (some NR bands should use 4 or more Rx antennas),geographically distributed antennas (e.g., multi-panel) are beingconsidered.

For geographically dispersed antennas at the vehicle UE side, thedistance between the panels may be as large as several meters or more(e.g., one panel at a front bumper and another panel at a rear bumper).

Additionally, the orientation/boresight/direction of each panel may bedifferent. Therefore, fading characteristics of each panel may becompletely different from each other.

Further, each panel may have different hardware characteristics. Forgeographically distributed antennas, when the distributed antennas sharea common baseband processor (modem), a distance from each panel to abaseband processor may be particularly different.

Therefore, gain imbalances for different panels may occur for bothtransmission and reception. Further, differences in cable length maycause different delays (i.e., timing synchronization) over differentpanels. Because the addition of a timing adjustment processor/circuitmay increase a UE implementation cost, the timing difference overdifferent panels may or may not be adjusted internally depending on theUE implementation.

In addition to cabling, the use of different hardware components perpanel (e.g., oscillators, different RF/circuit structures, amplifiers,phase shifters, etc.) may lead to differences in channel characteristicsexperienced on different panels such as phase noise, frequency offset,and timing offset.

In the present disclosure, a ‘panel’ may mean a physicaltransmission/reception antenna group closely positioned in relation tohardware implementation.

A panel, an uplink synchronization unit (USU), an uplink transmissionunit (UTU), and the like used in the present disclosure may be generallyexpressed as a transmission unit, and may be used in various expressionsin a range that does not differ in meaning.

However, from a standard document point of view, a ‘panel’ may representa group of antenna ports (i.e., logical antennas) having a common pointin terms of effective channels due to shared hardware components (e.g.,amplifiers, hardware boards, etc.) as well as geographical locations notfar from each other.

More specifically, antenna ports transmitted from the same panel may beobserved in the same receiver or a receiver similar in long-term channelcharacteristics such as average path-loss, average Doppler shift, andaverage delay.

For the reception point of view, for a transmitted antenna port, signalsobserved from different logical antennas in the same panel may beassumed to have commonality in terms of long-term channelcharacteristics.

In addition to the aforementioned long-term channel characteristics, apanel may share the same Tx/Rx (analog) beam or beam set, but otherpanels may use other (analog) beams or beam sets. That is, it is highlylikely that each panel will individually control a beam due togeographical differences.

In the present disclosure, ‘/’ may mean ‘or’ or ‘and/or’ depending onthe context.

The present disclosure specifically focuses on the UL synchronizationproblem for multi-panel UEs among the aforementioned problems. Formulti-panel UEs, the best timing advance (TA) value may vary in eachpanel depending on the above-mentioned UE implementation (e.g.,distributed antenna in the UE). In previous systems, because it isassumed that the geographic locations of multiple antennas in the UE aresufficiently close to each other, one TA value is provided by the gNBfor one component carrier (CC) of the same device.

Further, it is assumed that UL Tx timing through different transmissionantennas is well-calibrated inside the UE as UE implementation.

As mentioned above, two existing assumptions (geographic location andinternal calibration) may no longer be maintained for new device types(e.g., vehicle UE).

Therefore, there is a need to introduce a new signaling method thatallows different TA values for different panels.

A unit that shares/non-shares a common TA value may not match hardwareimplementation for an actual panel. For example, when some panels arewell calibrated internally and/or geographically closely, even if theyare multiple panels, they may share the same TA value. As anotherexample, each panel may generate a plurality of UL (analog) beams or beconfigured with a plurality of UL antenna subsets, and even if eachpanel belongs to the same panel according to a UE implementation method,each panel has the potential to have significantly different channelcharacteristics in different beams (sets) or antenna subsets.

For example, when different beams are generated using different antennasets within a panel, and when hardware characteristics of each antennaset are significantly different from each other, the assumption (i.e.,one TA value per panel per CC) may be incorrect. Therefore, it isproposed to define a general term (i.e., UL synchronization unit: USU)representing a group of UL antenna ports and/or a group of synchronizedphysical UL channels (with respect to UL timing).

The USU may correspond to one or more UL panels, one or more UL beams,or a group of UL antennas in UL panels according to different UEimplementation.

Hereinafter, a method of configuring a plurality of TA values (or TAoffset values) upon uplink transmission based on a plurality of USUs(per CC or per BWP) proposed in the present disclosure will be describedin detail through related drawings and proposals.

First, a definition of USU and related contents will be describedthrough Proposal 1.

(Proposal 1)

Proposal 1 defines a general term UL Synchronization Unit (USU)associating/grouping UL antenna ports (APs) and/or physical UL channelsto which a common TA value is applied within a CC (or within a BWP).

The USU may include UL antenna ports (APs) having the same RS/channeltype as well as different RS/channel types.

For example, the USU may include a set of SRS APs (or SRS resources), aset of PUCCH DMRS APs (or PUCCH resources), a set of PUSCH DMRS APs (orPUSCH resources), and/or a set of PRACH preambles/resources.

Grouped APs/channels may share a common TA value per CC/BWP, andungrouped APs/channels may have different TA values per CC/BWP. That is,the USU may be a unit for APs/channels that share a common TA value.

The USU may mean one or more UL panels, one or more UL beams, or a ULantenna group in the UL panel.

Most of information on the above described USU may be provided by RRCsignaling so that it does not change frequently.

However, certain types of APs/channels associated with the USU may needto be changed more often than other methods according to panelactivation/deactivation, radio channel status, and the like.

For example, the association of PUCCH/PUSCH (APs) to the USU needs to bechanged more often than that of SRS/PRACH to the USU.

Therefore, lower layer signaling (e.g., MAC CE and/or DCI, etc.) than anRRC layer may be used for changing USU mapping for APs/channels morequickly and frequently.

After the UE successfully receives TA values for USUs from the gNB, inorder to transmit a specific UL signal, the UE may transmit the specificUL signal by applying a TA value corresponding to the associated USU orincluding the corresponding UL signal.

When two SRS resources are set to the UE, an SRI #0 may be set to a USU#0 and an SRI #1 may be set to a USU #1. The UE may transmit an SRSresource #0 having TA #0 on a specific panel indicating a panel #0, andtransmit an SRS resource #1 having TA #1 on another panel indicating apanel #1. Here, the USU may correspond to each panel.

When a specific PUCCH resource is set on the USU #0, the UE uses a panel#0 for transmission of the corresponding PUCCH resource (by applying acorresponding TA value, e.g., TA #0). Actual mapping between the USU andthe panel (or beam) may depend on the UE, but the UE should use the samephysical resource (e.g., panel) for transmission of an UL signalincluded in the same USU. That is, the panel index is a logical panelindex, and a method of mapping an actual physical panel/physicalantenna/beam to the logical panel index may vary depending onimplementation of the UE.

For transmission of PUSCH (or multi-layer PUCCH), one PUSCH may beassociated with a plurality of USUs. For example, for a plurality ofUSUs associated/used in one PUSCH transmission, each USU may includeonly part of a PUSCH layer (e.g., some of PUSCH DMRS ports for USU #0and other PUSCH DMRS ports for USU #1). In other words, USUs may bemapped in units of a layer group. For PUSCH transmission, associated USUinformation may be dynamically indicated through DCI instead of beingconfigured through higher layer signaling.

The associated USU information may be transmitted through a dedicatedDCI field or using dedicated RNTI per USU.

When a plurality of USUs are indicated for PUSCH transmission, theassociation between a PUSCH layer and a USU ID may be dynamicallyindicated through DCI instead of being pre-configured through higherlayer signaling. In this case, higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC and/orMAC-CE) may provide information on which candidates of the USU set thatcan be used for PUSCH transmission are. Thereafter, lower layersignaling (e.g., DCI) may indicate USU set information to be actuallyapplied and/or which layer(s) each USU included in the corresponding USUset should be associated with.

Instead of signaling the association between PUSCH layers and USUs, itis also possible to define a rule for the association in advance (e.g.,for rank 3 transmission, when two USUs are associated, there is defineda rule that first two layers are mapped to a first USU and that a lastlayer is mapped to a second USU).

A signal or physical uplink channel (e.g., PUSCH or PUCCH) that is notassociated with any USUs or associated with a plurality of USUs for thesame layer(s) may be allowed.

In this case, the same UL signal may be (duplicately) transmitted on aplurality of physical resources (e.g., panels) with different TA valuesapplied to each physical resource according to a TA command for eachUSU. For example, the same UL channel/signal/layer may berepeatedly/redundantly transmitted (by applying a TA value correspondingto each USU) in USU #0 and USU #1.

From the gNB/network point of view, the gNB/network needs to know thenumber of TA values that need to be separately controlled for the sameCC/BWP.

When the network knows the number of TA values, the network may setPRACH resources to the UE according to the number of TA values. Further,when a UE is capable of simultaneous transmission for a plurality ofUSUs/panels, this may correspond to important information on whetherdifferent TA values may be simultaneously applied in the UE. That is,information on the number of TA values may correspond to whetherdifferent AP/channel resources/beams corresponding to different USUs maybe multiplexed in frequency (FDM: frequency domain multiplexing).

When the USU corresponds to the panel, any UE may transmit only one ULsignal on one panel. That is, multi-panels may be implemented into panellevel switches.

For this type of UEs, a plurality of TA values need to be managed, butonly one TA value may be applied at a time.

For different types of UEs, by applying different TA values for eachpanel, UL signals may be simultaneously transmitted on different panels.From the gNB/network point of view, the information is required toconfigure/trigger different UL signals/channels.

FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating the concept of a USU proposed in thepresent disclosure.

The USU may be interpreted in the same sense as a panel, but moreaccurately, it is a concept corresponding to one or more panels. In thiscase, as illustrated in FIG. 21, the USU may mean an antenna (port)group at a specific location.

Ina vehicle (vehicle UE) of FIG. 21, four USUs 2101, 2102, 2103, and2104 are illustrated, and each USU may correspond to an antenna groupincluding two antennas (or antenna ports).

Hereinafter, a USU-based uplink transmission method will be describedbased on the above-described proposal 1.

The following embodiments and proposals may be largely classifiedaccording to whether the gNB knows an USU configuration of the UE andprovides the USU configuration to the UE for USU-based uplinktransmission.

First Embodiment

The first embodiment relates to a USU-based uplink transmission methodwhen a USU configuration is transmitted to a UE and all informationassociated with the USU is included in the USU configuration.

FIG. 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a USU-based uplinktransmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

Here, uplink transmission may mean transmission of a PRACH, SRS, PUCCH,PUSCH, and the like.

First, the UE transmits information on the total number of USUs required(or supported or configured) (per CC or per BWP) and/or information onthe maximum number of USUs that can be simultaneously transmitted to thegNB (S2210). The information may be transmitted through capabilityinformation.

Additionally, the UE may transmit time (symbol(s), slot(s)) informationrequired for USU switching to the gNB.

The UE receives USU configuration information for USU-based uplinktransmission from the gNB (S2220).

The USU configuration information may include an USU ID, a PRACHpreamble/resource associated with a USU, a timing advance (TA)associated with the USU, a DL RS associated with the USU, an SRSresource associated with a USU, a PUCCH resource associated with a USU,a PUSCH associated with a USU, a TPC command associated with a USU, andthe like. Information included in the USU configuration information maybe transmitted through the same message or different messages.

The USU configuration information may be included in RRC signaling andbe expressed as a USU Configuration Information Element (IE).

Here, it may be desirable to set the USU ID for PUCCH/periodic SRS, etc.to RRC signaling.

The UE performs uplink transmission through a plurality of USUs based onthe USU configuration information (S2230).

Here, the gNB may instruct the UE to activate/deactivate a specific USUthrough MAC CE and/or DCI, or may instruct information on a specific USUused for uplink transmission to the UE.

For example, when the gNB triggers an aperiodic SRS/PUSCH or the like tothe UE, the gNB may transmit DCI including a USU ID to the UE.

A method for configuring/indicating a plurality of TA valuescorresponding to a plurality of USUs in order to perform uplinktransmission through a plurality of USUs will be described in moredetail.

The first embodiment is a case where the gNB knows a USU configurationof the UE, and will be described with reference to a contention-freeRACH procedure (CFRA) related thereto. A basic procedure of CFRA refersto the previous description.

That is, the S2230 procedure of FIG. 22 will be described in detailed asfollows.

The UE receives a DCI (PDCCH order) including a USU ID (e.g., USU ID=X)from the gNB.

The UE transmits a PRACH preamble (MSG1) associated with the USU ID tothe gNB.

The UE receives a random access response (RAR) including a TA valueassociated with the USU ID from the gNB.

Here, the UE may receive a plurality of TA values (or default (orreference or reference) TA values/TA offset values) corresponding to aplurality of USU IDs per CC (or per BWP).

In this case, each USU ID may correspond to each TA value (or each TAoffset value), but according to a gNB configuration or reportinformation of the UE, a plurality of TA values may correspond to oneUSU ID or one TA value may correspond to a plurality of USU IDs.

The UE performs uplink transmission on the at least one USU based on theTA value.

Previously, with respect to the method for the UE to receive a pluralityof TA values corresponding to a plurality of USUs, the gNB may check theUSU associated with the PRACH preamble, map the corresponding TA, andthen transmit a plurality of TA values to the UE at one time orrespectively through MSG 2, MSG 4, and an additional message.

Here, with respect to a method of transmitting each of the plurality ofTA values, the gNB may transmit a specific TA value to the UE and thentransmit differential TA values for the specific TA value. More detailedinformation related to this refers to Proposals 5 and 6 to be describedlater.

Further, a TA adjustment command indicating an increase or decrease inthe TA value may be performed by applying a method of transmitting aplurality of TA values corresponding to a plurality of USUs previouslydescribed. More detailed information related to this refers to Proposal8 to be described later.

Further, when uplink transmission is performed through a plurality ofUSUs, a transmit power control (TPC) associated with a plurality of USUsmay also be applied as described above. More detailed informationrelated to this refers to Proposal 8 to be described later.

When the contents described in the first embodiment are notagainst/contradicted with the contents to be described in theembodiments to be described later, the contents may be equally appliedin the embodiments to be described later to be implemented to performuplink transmission of the UE.

Second Embodiment

The second embodiment relates to a USU-based uplink transmission methodwhen a USU configuration is transmitted to a UE and only someinformation related to the USU is included in the USU configuration.

More specifically, the second embodiment relates to a USU-based uplinktransmission method after RRC connection of a UE.

In particular, a case where the USU configuration information does notinclude a PRACH preamble/resource associated with the USU, a TA valueassociated with the USU, etc. will be described.

FIG. 23 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a USU-baseduplink transmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

Here, uplink transmission may mean transmission of a PRACH, SRS, PUCCH,PUSCH, and the like.

The second embodiment is a case where the gNB does not know a PRACHpreamble/resource associated with a USU, a TA value associated with aUSU, etc. and will be described with reference to a contention-basedRACH procedure (CBRA). A basic procedure of CBRA refers to the previousdescription.

First, the UE transmits information on the total number of USUs required(or supported or configured) (per CC or per BWP) and/or information onthe maximum number of USUs that can be simultaneously transmitted to thegNB (S2310). The information may be transmitted through capabilityinformation.

Additionally, the UE may transmit time (symbol(s), slot(s)) informationrequired for USU switching to the gNB.

The USU configuration information may include a USU ID, a DL RSassociated with the USU, an SRS resource associated with the USU, aPUCCH associated with the USU, a PUSCH associated with the USU, and thelike. That is, it is assumed that the USU configuration information doesnot include information on the USU associated with the RACH procedure.Information included in the USU configuration information may betransmitted through the same message or different messages.

The USU configuration information may be included in RRC signaling andbe expressed as a USU Configuration Information Element (IE).

Here, it may be desirable to set a USU ID for a PUCCH/periodic SRS, etc.to RRC signaling.

The UE transmits a PRACH preamble (MSG1) to the gNB based on a specificUSU (S2320). In this case, because the gNB does not know the USUconfiguration such as the USU ID, the gNB cannot know through which USUthe PRACH preamble is transmitted.

The UE receives a random access response (MSG2) including a TA value andresource allocation information for uplink transmission from the gNB(S2330).

The UE transmits an uplink signal corresponding to MSG3 (or scheduledtransmission) to the gNB (S2340).

Here, the UE may transmit an USU ID used when transmitting the PRACHpreamble or when transmitting MSG 3 and/or USU configuration informationof the UE. When the USU ID is received through MSG3, the gNB may knowwhich USU ID corresponds to the TA value included in the RAR.

When information on the USU ID is transmitted together when transmittingthe PRACH preamble, the uplink signal may include only USU configurationinformation of the UE.

When a plurality of USUs are associated with the PRACH preamble,information on the USU such as a USU ID corresponding to the TA, may betransmitted through options 1 to 5 to be described later, or may bedetermined according to a predetermined rule.

In the following UE procedures, because the gNB knows the USUconfiguration information of the UE, the steps mentioned in the firstembodiment may be applied.

Third Embodiment

The third embodiment relates to a method of transmitting a USU-baseduplink signal by transmitting a USU configuration to a UE in an initialaccess procedure.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a USU-baseduplink transmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

The third embodiment is a case in which the gNB does not know a PRACHpreamble/resource associated with the USU, a TA value associated withthe USU, etc., and will be described with reference to acontention-based RACH procedure (CBRA). A basic procedure of CBRA refersto the previous description.

First, the UE transmits a PRACH preamble (MSG1) to the gNB based on aspecific USU (S2410). In this case, because the gNB does not know a USUconfiguration such as the USU ID, the gNB cannot know through which USUthe PRACH preamble is transmitted.

The UE receives a random access response (RAR, MSG2) including a TAvalue and resource allocation information for uplink transmission fromthe gNB (S2420).

The UE transmits an uplink signal corresponding to MSG3 (or scheduledtransmission) to the gNB (S2430).

Here, the UE may transmit the USU ID used when transmitting the PRACHpreamble or when transmitting MSG 3 and/or USU configuration informationof the UE. When the USU ID is received through MSG3, the gNB may knowwhich USU ID corresponds to the TA value included in the RAR.

When information on the USU ID is transmitted together when transmittingthe PRACH preamble, the uplink signal may include only USU configurationinformation of the UE.

When a plurality of USUs are associated with the PRACH preamble,information on the USU such as a USU ID corresponding to the TA, may betransmitted through options 1 to 5 to be described later, or may bedetermined according to a predetermined rule.

The UE transmits information on the total number of USUs required (orsupported or configured) (per CC or per BWP) and/or information on themaximum number of USUs that can be simultaneously transmitted to the gNB(S2440). The information may be transmitted through capabilityinformation.

Additionally, the UE may transmit time (symbol(s), slot(s)) informationrequired for USU switching to the gNB.

Fourth Embodiment

The fourth embodiment relates to a method for solving a problem that mayoccur when performing uplink transmission based on a plurality of USUswithout notifying a gNB of a USU configuration of a UE.

In this regard, a solution method when the UE receives a plurality ofRNTIs (TC-RNTIs or C-RNTIs) in the RACH procedure will be described asan example.

First, the UE transmits a plurality of PRACH preambles associated with aplurality of USUs to the gNB.

The UE receives assignment of a plurality of TC-RNTIs or a plurality ofC-RNTIs for a plurality of PRACH preambles from the gNB.

When the UE receives assignment of a plurality of TC-RNTIs or aplurality of C-RNTIs, the UE notifies (or reports) this (that the UEreceives assignment of a plurality of RNTIs) to the gNB.

In this case, the UE may request to merge the plurality of RNTIs or mayrequest to discard some of the plurality of RNTIs to the gNB.

A more specific method will be described with reference to FIG. 25.

FIG. 25 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a USU-baseduplink transmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

Here, uplink transmission may mean transmission of a PRACH, SRS, PUCCH,PUSCH, and the like.

First, the UE transmits information on the total number of USUs required(or supported or configured) (per CC or per BWP) and/or information onthe maximum number of USUs that can be simultaneously transmitted to thegNB (S2510). The information may be transmitted through capabilityinformation.

The UE transmits a plurality of PRACH preambles associated with aplurality of USUs to the gNB through the plurality of USUs (S2520).

Thereafter, the gNB transmits each of a plurality of MSG2s (RARs) to theUE using different RA-RNTIs for each of the plurality of PRACH preambles(S2530). That is, the UE receives each of a plurality of RARs from thegNB.

Here, each MSG2 includes a TA value, PUSCH resource allocation (forMSG3), and TC-RNTI.

Thereafter, the UE transmits a plurality of scheduled transmissions,that is, a plurality of MSG3s to the gNB (S2540). Here, each MSG3 isscheduled by each MSG2.

The UE transmits information on overlapped TC-RNTIs to the gNB throughMSG3.

Thereafter, the gNB transmits only one C-RNTI through one MSG4 or thesame C-RNTI through a plurality of MSG4s to the UE (S2550). A moredetailed description related to this refers to Proposal 8 to bedescribed later.

FIG. 26 is a flowchart illustrating another example of a USU-baseduplink transmission method proposed in the present disclosure.

More specifically, FIG. 26 illustrates a method of performing uplinktransmission based on a plurality of USUs in an initial accessprocedure.

Here, uplink transmission may mean transmission of a PRACH, SRS, PUCCH,PUSCH, and the like.

The UE transmits a plurality of PRACH preambles associated with aplurality of USUs to the gNB through the plurality of USUs (S2610).

Thereafter, the gNB transmits each of a plurality of MSG2s (RARs) to theUE using different RA-RNTIs for each of the plurality of PRACH preambles(S2620).

Here, each MSG2 includes a TA value, PUSCH resource allocation (forMSG3), and TC-RNTI.

Thereafter, the UE transmits a plurality of scheduled transmissions,that is, a plurality of MSG3s to the gNB (S2630). Here, each MSG3 isscheduled by each MSG2.

The UE transmits information on overlapped TC-RNTIs to the gNB throughMSG3.

Thereafter, the gNB transmits only one C-RNTI through one MSG4 or thesame C-RNTI through a plurality of MSG4s to the UE (S2640). A moredetailed description related to this refers to Proposal 8 to bedescribed later.

The UE transmits information on the total number of USUs required (orsupported or configured) (per CC or per BWP) and/or information on themaximum number of USUs that can be simultaneously transmitted to the gNB(S2650). The information may be transmitted through capabilityinformation.

Fifth Embodiment

The fifth embodiment relates to a method of controlling uplink transmitpower for each USU ID.

First, before describing in detail the fifth embodiment, a briefdescription of power control and transmit power control procedures willbe described.

Power Control

In a wireless communication system, it may be necessary to increase ordecrease transmit power of a UE (e.g., user equipment) and/or a mobiledevice according to a situation. Controlling transmit power of the UEand/or the mobile device in this way may be referred to as uplink powercontrol. For example, the transmit power control method may be appliedto satisfy a requirement (e.g., Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Bit ErrorRatio (BER)), Block Error Ratio (BLER)) from the gNB (e.g., gNB, eNB,etc.)

Power control as described above may be performed by an open-loop powercontrol method and a closed-loop power control method.

Specifically, the open-loop power control method means a method ofcontrolling transmit power without feedback from a transmitting device(e.g., gNB) to a receiving device (e.g., UE) and/or feedback from thereceiving device to the transmitting device. For example, the UE mayreceive a pilot channel/signal from the gNB and estimate the strength ofreceived power by using the pilot channel/signal. Thereafter, the UE maycontrol transmit power by using the estimated strength of receivedpower.

However, the closed-loop power control method means a method ofcontrolling transmit power based on feedback from a transmitting deviceto a receiving device and/or feedback from a receiving device to atransmitting device. As an example, the gNB receives a pilotchannel/signal from the UE, and determines an optimal power level of theUE based on a power level, SNR, BER, BLER, etc. measured by the receivedpilot channel/signal. The gNB transmits information (i.e., feedback) onthe determined optimal power level to the UE through a control channelor the like, and the UE may control transmit power using the feedbackprovided by the gNB.

Hereinafter, a power control scheme for cases in which a UE and/or amobile device performs uplink transmission to a gNB in a wirelesscommunication system will be described in detail.

Specifically, hereinafter, power control schemes for transmission to 1)an uplink data channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), 2)an uplink control channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Control Channel(PUCCH), 3) a sounding reference signal (SRS), 4) a random accesschannel (e.g., Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) are described. Inthis case, transmission occasions for the PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, and/orPRACH (i.e., transmission time unit) may be defined by (i) a slot index(n_s) in a frame of a system frame number (SFN), a first symbol in aslot (S), and the number of consecutive symbols (L)

Power Control Procedure

FIG. 27 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a power controlprocedure.

First, a UE may receive a parameter and/or information related totransmit power (Tx power) from the base station (gNB) (S2710).

In this case, the UE may receive the corresponding parameter and/orinformation through higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC-CE,etc.). For example, in relation to PUSCH transmission, PUCCHtransmission, SRS transmission, and/or PRACH transmission, the UE mayreceive parameters and/or information related to transmit power controldefined in TS 38.331.

Thereafter, the UE may receive a TPC command related to transmit powerfrom the gNB (S2720). In this case, the UE may receive the correspondingTPC command through lower layer signaling (e.g., DCI). For example, inrelation to PUSCH transmission, PUCCH transmission, and/or SRStransmission, the UE may receive information on a TPC command to be usedfor determining a power control adjustment state, etc. through a TPCcommand field of a predefined DCI format. However, in the case of PRACHtransmission, the corresponding step may be omitted.

Thereafter, the UE may determine (or calculate) transmit power foruplink transmission based on parameters, information, and/or TPCcommands received from the gNB (S2730).

Thereafter, the UE may transmit one or more uplink channels and/orsignals (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, PRACH, etc.) to the gNB based on thedetermined (or calculated) transmit power (S2740).

FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a USU-based uplinktransmission method through a power control procedure for each USU IDproposed in the present disclosure.

First, the UE receives a parameter and/or information related totransmit power from the gNB (S2810).

In this case, the UE may receive the corresponding parameter and/orinformation through higher layer signaling (e.g., RRC signaling, MAC-CE,etc.).

Thereafter, the UE receives a TPC command including USU information fromthe gNB (S2820). In this case, the UE may receive the corresponding TPCcommand through lower layer signaling (e.g., DCI).

The USU information may be, for example, a USU ID, and there may be amapping relationship between the TPC and the USU ID.

Here, the UE may receive a plurality of TPC commands for multipleUSU-based uplink transmission, and one TPC command may correspond to oneUSU ID or a plurality of USU IDs.

Thereafter, the UE determines (or calculates) transmit power for uplinktransmission for each USU ID based on parameters, information, and/orTPC commands received from the gNB (S2830).

Thereafter, the UE transmits a plurality of USU-based uplink channelsand/or signals (e.g., PUSCH, PUCCH, SRS, PRACH, etc.) to the gNB basedon transmit power determined (or calculated) for each USU ID (S2840).

A more detailed description related to this refers to a description ofProposal 8 to be described later.

(Proposal 2)

The UE reports information on the required total (additional) number (N)of USU (or TA value) (per CC) to the gNB/network.

Further, the UE reports information on the maximum number (M) of USUs(or TA values) (per CC) that can be simultaneously applied (ortransmitted) to the gN B/network.

Here, ‘simultaneous transmission’ may represent transmission on the samesymbol (set) or the same slot.

When information on M is reported, the UE does not expect to beconfigured/indicated to transmit UL signals/channels belonging to the Mnumber or more USUs in a given time unit (e.g., symbol, symbol set,slot).

The ‘UL signal/channel’ may include symbols other than symbols for theactually indicated UL signal/channel (e.g., one additional symboltransmitted before/after the indicated UL signal/channel). For example,when one symbol is added before and after and a rule is applied, itmeans that a gap of one symbol is required when the USU is changed inorder to sequentially transmit a signal using a different USU for a UEwith M=1.

Even if symbol indices set as one of reasons for considering additional(gap) symbol(s) do not overlap, this is because that applying differentTA values to different UL signals may cause a symbol boundary to bemisaligned and thus different UL signals may collide on a symbolpositioned at a front surface or a rear surface.

Another reason for the need for a (gap) symbol is that a time may berequired for panel/beam/antenna switching, and the time required in thiscase may affect the number of additionally added symbols (or slots). Inparticular, for panel switching, it may take a relatively long timeuntil hardware of the panel is sufficiently stable after panelactivation, and the required time may vary depending on the UEimplementation.

Therefore, a time (or symbol or slot) required to switch the USU may bereported by the UE. Additionally, the number of symbols to be added maybe set by the gNB/network. Different numbers may be applied depending onwhether the beam is switched within the panel and whether the panel isswitched.

Further, the information (M) may be generalized (or replaced) as towhich of the N USUs can or cannot be transmitted simultaneously, such asUSU grouping information.

For example, three USUs may be required, two of the three may beallocated to two different beam or antenna groups, respectively,belonging to one panel and the other one may be allocated to anotherpanel. That is, two USUs may be included in one panel, and one USU maybe included in the other one.

It is assumed that only one USU may be applied at one moment among twoUSUs belonging to one panel due to switching-based implementation withinthe panel, and it is assumed that both panels may be transmittedsimultaneously. In this case, the maximum number M may not be sufficientinformation.

Rather, in this case, an accurate combination of USUs that can beapplied/transmitted simultaneously may be more useful.

In the above example, USUs that cannot be transmitted simultaneously(i.e., USUs in a panel) may be grouped together. It may be assumed thatdifferent USU groups may be simultaneously transmitted.

Alternatively, an opposite method of grouping, that is, a method ofincluding USUs that can be transmitted simultaneously within a USUgroup, and USUs that cannot be transmitted simultaneously betweendifferent USU groups, is also possible. That is, a USU configurationfrom the viewpoint of enabling/disabling simultaneous transmission and aUSU configuration from the viewpoint of applying the same/different TAwithin the same CC/BWP may be made separately.

When the proposed information N is reported by the UE, the network mayset (or expect to set) the N number of USUs to the UE. Each USU may beassociated with one or more PRACH preamble/resources, SRS resources/APs,PUCCH resources, and/or PUSCH. That is, when the PRACH preamble/resourceis configured (UE-specifically), each PRACH preamble/resource may beassociated with a specific USU (ID).

Based on the association, when the UE receives a TA command in responseto a specific PRACH preamble/resource, the UE may assume that thecorresponding TA value corresponds to/applies to all other ULsignals/channels (e.g., SRS, PUCCH, PUSCH) having the same USU as thatof the PRACH preamble/resource.

However, it is also possible to obtain a TA value for each USU byalternately transmitting the same PRACH preamble/resource to differentUSUs (e.g., transmitting at different PRACH occasions). In this case, aplurality of USUs may share the same PRACH preamble/resource.

More specifically, a specific PRACH may be configured/defined so thatthere is no configuration associated with any USU or to be shared for aplurality of USUs. In this case, there may be ambiguity about the USU tobe applied when the UE receives the TA command. To solve this problem,accurate USU information (e.g., USU ID) needs to be signaled to the UE.

The following detailed signaling options for USU information may beconsidered.

(Option 1): Associated USU information is provided together with thePRACH transmission command.

(Option 2): Associated USU information is provided through MSG2.

(Option 3): Associated USU information is provided through MSG4.

(Option 4): Associated USU information is provided after an RACHprocedure.

(Option 5): A TA value per USU may be updated/set using a signal(procedure) that is separate/independent from a general RACH procedure.

For the above options, one method of notifying USU information asphysical layer information is to define a DCI field indicating an USDID. Another method is to use different RNTIs per USU. Here, this mappinginformation (RNTI per USU) may be configured by higher layer signalingor may be predefined. Another method for signaling associated USUinformation is to use a higher layer message (e.g., MAC-CE or RRC).

For option 5, it may be advantageous to use higher layer signaling(e.g., MAC-CE or RRC) in consideration of a size of information. In thiscase, signaling (procedure) for updating part of the information (e.g.,a TA value for a specific USU) may be required, and this signaling forthe update may use lower layer signaling rather than signaling forconfiguring entire information in order to reduce the delay.

In the above, two different approach methods were proposed in terms ofPRACH configuration and use for a plurality of USUs. Comparing the twoapproach methods, a method of using a plurality of PRACHpreambles/resources (e.g., one PRACH per USU) in order to support aplurality of USUs may require more signaling overhead, but the methodmay reduce the delay for obtaining a plurality of TA values for aplurality of USUs.

When the PRACH resource is shared for all USUs, the PRACH resource maybe saved, but because each USU should be transmitted at differentoccasion/timing, the delay may increase.

A hybrid approach method may also be considered. That is, the PRACHresource is shared for a subset of USUs, that is, some USUs. Becausethere are advantages/disadvantages of resource overhead versus delay,the number of PRACH resources to be set for a UE for a specific use/typeof PRACH depends on the selection of the gNB/network, but the possiblemaximum number may be limited to N (per CC/BWP).

In the above proposals, the aforementioned PRACH resource associatedwith USUs may represent one or both of a contention-free PRACH resourceand a contention-based PRACH resource.

(Proposal 3)

The PRACH preamble/resource may be associated with one or more USUs.

A TA value provided by the gNB in response to the PRACHpreamble/resource corresponds to (a specific one of) USUs associatedwith the PRACH preamble/resource.

(When multiple or all USUs are associated with the PRACH) USUinformation may be additionally indicated to the UE using the proposedone or more signaling schemes (Options 1 to 5).

(When multiple or all USUs are associated with the PRACH) The USUcorresponding to the indicated TA value may be implicitly determined bya rule (e.g., the n-th indicated TA value corresponds to the n-th USUamong associated USUs).

The proposed methods may not be applied in some cases, particularly whendetermining whether to transmit the PRACH by the UE other than the gNB(e.g., initial RACH, contention-based PRACH, PRACH transmission for beamfailure recovery).

In these cases, the UE may be ambiguous about which USU/PRACH/panel/beamto use. For these cases, there is proposed a method for the network/gNBto provide association information between each USU (or TA value) and DLRSs (e.g., CSI-RS resource, SSB) to the UE.

Using this information, the UE may know which USU/panel/beam/antenna/TAto use when a quality of which DL RS is good (or a threshold or more).

Based on the information, the network may indicate a related DL RSinstead of the USU ID in order to represent which panel/beam to useand/or to represent which TA value to apply. For example, the proposedoption 1 may be extended to indicate an associated DL RS instead of USUinformation. It is obvious that the proposed scheme may be applied/usednot only when transmitting a contention-based PRACH or a PRACH for beamfailure recovery, but also when transmitting other uplinks.

(Proposal 4)

The gNB/network provides association information between the USU (or TAvalue) and the DL RS (e.g., CSI-RS resources, SSBs) to the UE.

(In a beam management process, etc.) The UE may select a specific DL RSbased on a reception quality thereof, and search for the USU(panel/beam/antenna and/or TA value) associated with the DL RS selectedusing association information between the DL RS and the USU to enable toapply the corresponding USU to specific UL transmission (initiated bythe UE).

In the above approach method, one USU may be associated with multiple DLRSs, and one DL RS may be associated with a plurality of USUs. In thelatter case, when the associated DL RS is selected, the UE may use aplurality of panels/beams/antennas (USUs) for transmission ofAPs/channels.

In order to further enhance reliability in a DL RS-based USU selectionscheme, it is also possible for the UE to select two or more DL RSs.

In addition to the above approach, it may also be possible to use allUSUs (panel/beam) (that can simultaneously transmit) (in the case of ULtransmission initiated by the UE) in order to sacrifice UE power but toenhance coverage and reliability. It is also possible to togethersupport the above several methods (a method based on selection of USUs,a method of transmitting using all USUs) with a complementary method. Inthis case, the network/gNB may set which scheme to use for specific ULtransmission.

When the UE may simultaneously transmit a plurality of USUs, the UE may(simultaneously) transmit a plurality of PRACH preambles/resources, andeach PRACH is transmitted in a different set of panel/beam/antennas. Inthis case, the UE needs to receive a plurality of TA values, by one foreach USU, as a response to the PRACHs. Efficient signaling methods areproposed in this case as follows.

(Proposal 5)

After (simultaneous) transmission of a plurality of PRACHpreambles/resources in the UE,

(Method 1): The gNB simultaneously provides a plurality of TA valuesthrough MSG2 or MSG4.

In this case, mapping between each TA value and each PRACH (or USU(s))may be explicitly or implicitly transmitted.

As an example of implicit signaling, indicated TA values are TA #1, TA#2, . . . , TA #K.

Thereafter, TA #k corresponds to a PRACH preamble/resource IDconfigured/indicated for the k-th USU or the k-thtransmitted/configured/indicated (among PRACH preambles/resourcesconfigured for the corresponding use/type) (k=1, . . . , K).

(Method 2): The gNB first provides one TA value through MSG2, and thenprovides another TA value(s) through MSG4 or another message transmittedafter MSG4.

The TA value provided by MSG2 represents one or more of the following.

-   -   TA value that needs to be applied for transmission of MSG3    -   TA value corresponding to a specific USU

In this case, (ID) information for the specific USU may be additionallyindicated by the gNB or may be determined by a specific rule (e.g., USUID corresponding to the lowest USU ID and the lowest PRACHpreamble/resource ID).

For USU information signaling, a DCI field-based and/or RNTI-basedmethod proposed in options 1 to 5 may be applied.

-   -   Reference value for signaling subsequent TA information

To reduce overhead, a TA value(s) transmitted in MSG4/other messages mayrepresent a differential value(s) for the TA value signaled in MSG2.

One initial/default/reference USU among a plurality of USUs may bedefined or may be assumed. The initial/default/reference USU may referto a USU selected to use for (initial or earlier) PRACH transmission bythe UE and/or corresponding to initially (or first or previously)obtained TA value and/or used for communication with the gNB so far.

The UE may use one initial/default/reference USU (e.g., panel) until thenetwork indicates or allows to use a plurality of USUs or switch toanother USU(s).

In this sense, the N value of proposal 2 may represent the number ofadditional USUs other than the initial/reference/default USU.

For example, when the UE has two panels (i.e., two USUs), the UE mayinitially (arbitrarily) select and use one panel (e.g., forcontention-based PRACH transmission and subsequent UL transmission), andapply the TA value transmitted by the gNB responding to the UE as the TAvalue for the selected panel (as a default TA value for the defaultUSU).

Thereafter, the UE may notify the gNB (by request of the gNB orautonomously by the UE) that there are one or more USUs in whichdifferent TA values need to be applied. In this example, N=1. Using themodified definition of N, the following exemplary procedure will bedescribed.

Step 1) The UE autonomously selects a USU (e.g., panel) for transmissionof MSG1 (e.g., contention-based PRACH) and transmits the MSG1,

Step 2) A TA value is provided by MSG2. The TA value in this casecorresponds to a default TA value for the USU selected for MSG1transmission.

Step 3) The UE notifies the existence of a value of N or an additionalUSU through MSG3.

Step 4) The gNB triggers (sequentially or simultaneously) transmissionof N (contention-free) PRACH(s) through MSG4 or another message.

Step 5) The UE transmits the N number of PRACH(s), receives a responsethereto from the gNB, and receives TA value(s) for USU(s) other than theUSU used for MSG1 transmission.

In this case, the contention-based PRACH may be transmitted in a defaultUSU, and the contention-free PRACH may be allocated to/used for otherUSUs. For enhanced signaling efficiency, a TA value for a USU other thanthe default/reference USU may be notified to the UE as a differentialvalue of the default/reference TA value for the default/reference USU.This is because the TA value is generally determined by a distancebetween the UE and the gNB, and (especially when signals transmittedfrom each panel are received by the same gNB/TRP), the difference in TAvalue caused by positions of different panels of the UE, the differencein transmission timing, or the difference in direction may be smallerthan the difference in TA value determined by the distance between theUE and the gNB.

The (initial) reference TA value may be transmitted to the UE inresponse to the contention-based PRACH, and the differential TA valuemay be transmitted to the UE in response to the contention-free basedPRACH.

The difference in TA values between different USUs may be mainly due toa relative distance (e.g., cabling delay) of the panel rather than anabsolute position of the panel. In this case, a differential TA value,which may be referred to as delta TA, may need to be changed lessfrequently than an actual TA value that may be changed relativelyquickly according to a moving speed of the UE.

Therefore, for enhanced signaling efficiency in TA indication, higherlayer messages (e.g., MAC-CE, RRC) may be more advantageous thansignaling of delta-TA compared with signaling of default/reference TA.

(Proposal 6)

After obtaining a TA value for (initial/default/basic) communicationwith the gNB, the UE may request/report information on the existence ofadditional USU(s) and/or the number of (additional) USUs to the gNB.

In response to the request/report, the gNB may trigger (immediately)PRACH(s) for additional USU(s).

The report/request information may be replaced with ‘request/report forneed of additional UL synchronization (process and/or required TAvalue(s) (or process(s))’.

The additional TA value may be known as a differential value for theinitially (previous) obtained TA value (i.e., delta-TA).

The delta-TA value(s) may be signaled through a higher layer message.

UL signals transmitted from each UE panel may be targeted to the sametransmission and reception point (TRP) as well as different TRPs.

For a case in which a plurality of USUs target a common TRP (or a TRPbeam or a TRP panel), different TA values per USU may be for synchronousUL reception of a target TRP. Therefore, when it is possible to define aTA adjustment command (i.e., increase or decrease of a previous TA)commonly applied to a plurality of TA values to be applied to aplurality of USUs, it may be more efficient.

For example, when the gNB instructs the UE to decrease the TA by Jsamples, even if (absolute) TA values for each USU are independentlysignaled, the UE decreases TA values for all (or some) USUs by Jsamples.

It is also possible for different USUs to be targeted to be received bydifferent TRPs or different Rx beams/panels of the TRP.

For example, TA values are configured for synchronous reception ofsignals transmitted on USU #0 and USU #1 by TRP #A and synchronousreception of signals transmitted on USU #2 by TRP #B. In this case, theset of USUs sharing a TA adjustment command needs to beconfigured/indicated to the gNB/network, i.e., by USU #0 and USU #1, inthe above example.

Further, when USU grouping information to apply together the TAadjustment command is pre-configured in the UE, the USU set/group ID maybe notified together with the TA adjustment command. Alternatively, whenthe USU grouping information is not configured in the UE, a USU ID setto which a command is commonly applied may be notified directly to theUE (through a USU ID bitmap) together with a TA adjustment command.

(Proposal 7)

A TA adjustment command representing an increase or decrease of a TAvalue previously indicated by a predetermined amount from the gNB may becommonly applied to a plurality of TA values for a plurality of USUs.

Set information of USUs sharing the command may be additionally notifiedor indicated by the gNB.

For the (initial) RACH procedure based on contention-based PRACH, a UEhaving a plurality of USUs may transmit multiple PRACHs. Here, eachPRACH is transmitted on a specific physical resource set (e.g., panel),and the physical resource set may be autonomously selected by the UE.

For example, the UE may transmit a PRACH #0 on a panel #0 and a PRACH #1on a panel #1, but the network may not have information on the panel (orUSU) used by the UE for transmission of each PRACH.

When the UE successfully receives only one response (i.e., MSG2) for thePRACH, the UE may use a panel corresponding to the PRACH for subsequentUL transmission.

When the UE successfully receives multiple responses, the gNB cannotdistinguish whether they are multiple PRACHs transmitted by twodifferent UEs or by the same UE and thus the UE may have two differentTC-RNTIs.

After successful contention resolution based on MSG3 and MSG4, the UEmay have two different C-RNTIs. Having multiple C-RNTIs in one UE mayunnecessarily increase the number of PDCCH blind detections, andunnecessarily consume RNTI resources from the gNB point of view.Therefore, it is desirable to merge a plurality of RNTIs or to discardthe remaining RNTI(s) except for one RNTI.

(Proposal 8)

The UE notifies the network/gNB whether multiple temporarily cell(TC)-RNTIs or multiple C-RNTIs have been allocated and/or requests theUE to merge them to the network/gNB or to discard some of them (e.g.,discard the remaining RNTIs, except for only one RNTI).

In the above, information on repeatedly allocated TC-RNTI/C-RNTIs may beincluded in MSG3, be a response to MSG4, and/or be transmitted throughother messages.

An exemplary procedure of the above proposal 8 is given as follows:

Step 1) The UE transmits a contention-based PRACH #0 in a panel #0 and acontention-based PRACH #1 in a panel #1. In this case, the PRACH #0 andPRACH #1 may mean transmitting the same PRACH preamble/resource atdifferent transmission timings (or occasions), or transmitting differentPRACH preambles/resources at the same or different transmission timings.

Step 2) The gNB transmits two MSG2s for both the PRACH #0 and the PRACH#1, respectively, using different RA-RNTIs. Here, each MSG2 includes aTA value, PUSCH resource allocation (for MSG3), and TC-RNTI.

Step 3) The UE transmits one or two MSG3s through one or two PUSCHs.Here, each PUSCH is scheduled by each MSG2.

In MSG3, the UE notifies the gNB of occurrence of an event in whichTC-RNTIs are allocated repeatedly.

For example, when two PUSCHs are used/transmitted for MSG3, at least oneof two MSG3s includes information on duplicated TC-RNTIs, unnecessaryTC-RNTIs to be discarded, or TC-RNTI to be used/the selected TC-RNTI(excluding TC-RNTIs to be discarded) (in addition to information to betransmitted including in the existing MSG3 such as UE-ID).

For example, when only one PUSCH is used/transmitted for MSG3,information on a PUSCH that is not used/transmitted may be included inMGS3 (other than the UE-ID, etc.).

For example, when two PUSCHs are used/transmitted for MSG3, one of thetwo MSG3s may include information that the MSG does not need to beresponded.

Step 4) The gNB provides one C-RNTI through one MSG4 or the same C-RNTIthrough two MSG4s.

For the latter case, the UE may not search for MSG4, which specifiesthat the UE does not need to respond through MSG3 or MSG4 correspondingto a response to the MSG3 reporting that the TC-RNTI wants to bediscarded.

Another example is as follows.

Steps 1) and 2) are the same as the previous procedure.

Step 3) The UE transmits two MSG3s on two PUSCHs. Here, each PUSCH isscheduled by MSG2. In the two MSG3s, typical MSG3 information (e.g.,UE-ID) is included.

Step 4) The gNB provides each of two C-RNTIs through two MSG4s.

Step 5) The UE reports the occurrence of an event with multiple C-RNTIs.

Additionally, repeatedly allocated C-RNTIs, unnecessary C-RNTIs to bediscarded, or selected C-RNTIs to be used may be additionally reportedby the UE (e.g., in response to MSG4 or through a signaling procedureseparated from the RACH (e.g., during an RRC establishment procedure),or the C-RNTI to be discarded or the C-RNTI to be used may beindicated/configured by the gNB).

For convenience of description, the case of two PRACHs/USUs/panels hasbeen exemplified above, but it may be generalized to a case of three ormore PRACHs/USUs/panels.

Because each USU will be associated with a different physical resourceset (e.g., panels, beams) in the UE, it is necessary to independentlycontrol not only the TA but also uplink transmit power for each USU. Foropen-loop (and closed-loop) power control, as proposed in/similar toproposal 4, when DL RS information associated with each USU isconfigured, the corresponding DL RS may be used for path loss estimationfor each USU.

For closed-loop power control, the gNB/network may instruct anincrease/decrease of UL Tx power per USU. For example, it is assumedthat a set of PUSCH/PUCCH DMRS layers (DMRS set #0) is associated with aUSU #0 and that other PUSCH/PUCCH DMRS layers (DMRS set #1) areassociated with a USU #1.

The network may wish to instruct to increase or decrease UL transmitpower for a specific DMRS set (e.g., DMRS set #0). In this regard, whena TPC command is provided to the UE, USU information may be providedtogether. This may be provided by adding an information field (e.g., USUID) of a DCI format for a transmit power control (TPC) command.

Another signaling option is to use different RNTIs per USU(s) for CRCscrambling of a PDCCH including a TPC command. In this case, the networkneeds to notify the UE of the RNTI and association information betweenRNTIs and USUs (by higher layer signaling) (e.g., TPC-PUCCH-RNTI0 forPUCCH resources to be transmitted/transmitted in a USU #0,TPC-PUCCH-RNTI1 for PUCCH resources to be transmitted/transmitted in aUSU #1).

When a plurality of USUs share a power control process/parameter, oneRNTI may be associated with a plurality of USUs.

Another method of signaling a TPC per USU(s) is to define an extendedDCI format for TPC that can indicate multiple TPCs. For example, anumber of TPC fields may be defined in a DCI format. Here, mappinginformation between each TPC and a USU(s) is explicitlyindicated/configured by the gNB through another information field or aseparate configuration, or each TPC is implicitly mapped to one or moreUSUs by a specific rule (e.g., the nth TPC is mapped to the nth USU).

Alternatively, it is also possible to jointly encode multiple TPCs intoone DCI field.

Based on the above proposals, it is possible to extend and apply theabove-described proposals to power control per USU as well as TA perUSU. That is, the USU may be redefined as a set of UL RSs/channels thatshare a power control process and/or a TA value.

According to the implementation, a configuration of a set of physicalresources sharing power control and a configuration of a set of physicalresources sharing TA may be different.

This is because the former may be more related to whether the physicalresources share a power amplifier, and the latter may be more related tothe difference in line delay and timing calibration_capability forphysical resources (antennas, panels) from a baseband processor.

Therefore, the USU may be defined based on only one aspect. Thereafter,another information exchange procedure on which USUs havecommonality/difference in different aspects may be requested to the UEand the gNB.

For example, the USU may be defined in terms of UL synchronization. Inthis case, the UE may notify the gNB which USUs share aprocess/parameter related to power control, and/or the gNB may set tothe UE which USUs should share power control parameters.

In this case, for a specific TPC command, the network may indicate USUset information instead of USU information to which the TPC command isapplied. Because the gNB may control more often the increase/decrease ofTx power for all panels rather than independently controlling each panelaccording to the overall quality of the UL signal, when there is noexplicit configuration/indication related to USU information (for aspecific UL signal/channel), it may be more efficient to make theindicated/calculated Pc value correspond to all USUs.

In this regard, it would be more efficient to use differential Pc valuesin order to reduce signaling overhead.

For example, the gNB indicates the K number of Pc parameter values.Here, a first Pc parameter value is commonly applied to all USUs, andthe other (K−1) Pc parameter values correspond to (K−1) USUs (or USUsets), respectively. Here, the (K−1) Pc parameter values aredifferential values for the first Pc value referred to as delta-Pcvalues.

When the above method is applied, each of the (K−1) delta-PC values maybe known as a payload size smaller than the first/reference Pc value.

It is assumed that the gNB wants to instruct the UE to increase Tx powerby X dB for all panels (USUs) except for one specific panel where Txpower of a particular panel needs to be amplified by (X−1) dB.

In the proposed method, the gNB needs to indicate two Pc values. Thatis, Pc #0=XdB as a reference Pc and Pc #1=−1 dB as a delta-PC. Here, asecond Pc may be transmitted using a smaller payload (e.g., 1 to 2bits).

In the above example, the USU (set) ID may carry a delta-Pc value toindicate the (set) of USUs to which a TPC command is applied. Anotherexample of using delta-Pc is that a first (or reference) Pc valuecorresponds to a specific USU other than all USUs. For example, aninitial/default/reference USU proposed and defined in the precedingparagraph may be a specific USU.

Alternatively, a particular USU may be pre-configured by the gNB or maybe predefined by a rule (e.g., a USU with the lowest ID). One specificPc value for TPC may correspond to a specific USU (e.g.,preconfigured/predefined USU), and other Pc values correspond to otherUSUs, respectively. Here, other Pc values may be known as differentialvalues for a specific Pc value. The reference/first Pc value anddelta-Pc value may be transmitted in the same or different messages.Here, each message may be transmitted using a signal of a differentlayer (e.g., on one physical layer, the other one on the MAC sub-layer)and/or the same/different signaling transport mechanisms (e.g., one istransmitted with PDCCH CRC scrambling, the other is transmitted with aDCI field).

Similar to that described in the previous paragraph with respect todelta-TA, the TPC command for the (reference/specific) USU is indicatedthrough physical layer signaling (e.g., DCI), whereas because the(delta-)Pc values for the remaining USUs may not need to be changedfrequently, they may be indicated to the UE through higher layersignaling (e.g., MAC-CE).

Throughout the present disclosure, it has been described how many TAvalues should be controlled per CC. In NR, a bandwidth part (BWP) isnewly defined, and each BWP in a CC may have different numerology (e.g.,subcarrier spacing). In the future, it may be possible to support a UEcapable of simultaneously activating and managing a plurality of BWPs inthe CC. Therefore, the TA value may need to be controlled for each BWP,not for CC. In this case, ‘each CC’ in the present disclosure may bereplaced with ‘per BWP’ throughout the present disclosure.

Throughout the present disclosure, the defined term ‘USU’ has been oftenused based on proposal 1 for convenience of description. However, theterm ‘USU’ may be equally applied to other proposals in which the termis not defined. Instead of defining a new term, ‘USU’ in the proposalsmay also be replaced with one or more PRACHresources/preamble/instances, SRS resource/resource set, PUCCHresources/resource sets, or PUSCH DMRS port/layer(s).

FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a UE forperforming uplink transmission proposed in the present disclosure.

First, the UE receives resource configuration information related to anuplink resource including identification information on a transmissionunit indicating a physical layer resource set from the gNB (S2910).

Here, the transmission unit may be expressed as a panel, USU, UTU, orthe like.

The UE determines a transmission unit for performing uplink transmissionbased on the identification information (S2920).

The UE performs the uplink transmission based on the determinedtransmission unit (S2930).

A step of performing the uplink transmission will be described in moredetail.

The UE may transmit a PRACH preamble associated with the identificationinformation to the gNB, receive a random access response including atiming advance (TA) value associated with the identification informationfrom the gNB, and transmit an uplink signal to the gNB on thetransmission unit based on the TA value.

When a plurality of TA values are received, transmission unitidentification information corresponding to the plurality of TA valuesmay be configured for each TA value in one CC or in one BWP.

Here, the plurality of TA values may be received through each randomaccess response or may be received based on a specific TA value anddifferential TA values for the specific TA value.

The transmission unit may be a set of an UL antenna port, an UL beam, oran UL physical channel resource related to application of a common TAvalue in one component carrier (CC) or one bandwidth part (BWP).

Alternatively, the transmission unit may be a set of an UL antenna port,an UL beam, or an UL physical channel resource related to application ofcommon power control parameters in one CC or one BWP.

Alternatively, the transmission unit may be a set of an UL antenna port,an UL beam, or an UL physical channel resource related to whethersimultaneous transmission is possible in one CC or one BWP and/orwhether a gap symbol is applied.

Additionally, the UE may receive information on a time or gap symbolrequired for switching between transmission units from the gNB.

The information on the time or gap symbol may indicate at least onesymbol or at least one slot.

The resource configuration information may include at least one of aPRACH resource associated with a transmission unit, a timing advance(TA) associated with a transmission unit, a DL RS associated with atransmission unit, an SRS resource associated with a transmission unit,a PUCCH resource associated with a transmission unit, a PUSCH resourceassociated with a transmission unit, or a TPC command associated with atransmission unit.

Here, the resource configuration information may be included in RRCsignaling.

Additionally, the UE may receive, from the gNB, a first messageincluding information on the total number of transmission units orinformation on the maximum number of transmission units that can besimultaneously transmitted.

The previous described information on the time or gap symbol may beincluded in the first message.

General Devices to which the Present Disclosure can be Applied

FIG. 30 illustrates a wireless communication device to which methodsproposed in the present disclosure can be applied according to anotherembodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 30, the wireless communication system may include afirst device 3010 and a plurality of second devices 3020 located withinan area of the first device 3010.

According to an embodiment, the first device 3010 may be a gNB, thesecond device 3020 may be a UE, and each thereof may be represented as awireless device.

The gNB 3010 includes a processor 3011, a memory 3012, and a transceiver3013. The processor 3011 implements the functions, processes, and/ormethods proposed in FIGS. 1 to 29. Layers of a wireless interfaceprotocol may be implemented by a processor. The memory 3012 is connectedto the processor to store various pieces of information for driving theprocessor. The transceiver 3013 is connected to the processor totransmit and/or receive a radio signal. Specifically, the transceiver3013 may include a transmitter that transmits a radio signal and areceiver that receives a radio signal.

The UE 3020 includes a processor 3021, a memory 3022, and a transceiver3023.

The processor 3021 implements the functions, processes, and/or methodsproposed in FIGS. 1 to 29. Layers of the wireless interface protocol maybe implemented by the processor. The memory 3022 is connected to theprocessor to store various pieces of information for driving theprocessor. The transceiver 3023 is connected to the processor totransmit and/or receive a radio signal. Specifically, the transceiver3023 may include a transmitter that transmits a radio signal and areceiver that receives a radio signal.

The memories 3012 and 3022 may exist at the inside or the outside of theprocessors 3011 and 3021 and may be connected to the processors 3011 and3021, respectively, by well-known various means.

Further, the gNB 3010 and/or the UE 3020 may have a single antenna or amultiple antenna.

The first device 3010 and the second device 3020 according to anotherembodiment will be described.

The first device 3010 may be a gNB, a network node, a transmission UE, areception UE, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, avehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, aconnected car, a unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an AI module, a robot,an augmented reality (AR) device, a virtual reality (VR) device, a mixedreality (MR) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTCdevice, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or financialdevice), a security device, a climate/environment device, a devicerelated to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourth industrialrevolution field.

The second device 3020 may be a gNB, a network node, a transmission UE,a reception UE, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, avehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, aconnected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VR device,a MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device,an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or financial device),a security device, a climate/environment device, a device related to 5Gservice, or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field.

For example, the UE may include a mobile phone, a smart phone, a laptopcomputer, a digital broadcasting UE, a personal digital assistant (PDA),a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigation device, a slate PC, atablet PC, an ultrabook, a wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, smartglass, head mounted display (HMD)), and the like. For example, the HMDmay be a display device wearing on a head. For example, the HMD may beused for implementing VR, AR, or MR.

For example, the UAV may be a vehicle flying by a radio control signalwithout onboarding of a human. For example, the VR device may include adevice that implements an object or a background of a virtual world. Forexample, the AR device may include a device that connects and implementsan object or background of a virtual world to an object or background ofthe real world. For example, the MR device may include a device thatcombines and implements an object or background of a virtual world to anobject or background of the real world. For example, the hologram devicemay include a device that implements a 360-degree stereoscopic image byrecording and reproducing stereoscopic information by utilizing aninterference phenomenon of light generated by the encounter of two laserlights called holography. For example, the public safety device mayinclude an image relay device or an image device wearable on a user'shuman body. For example, the MTC device and the IoT device may bedevices that do not require a human's direct intervention ormanipulation. For example, the MTC device and the IoT device may includea smart meter, a bending machine, a thermometer, a smart light bulb, adoor lock, or various sensors. For example, the medical device may be adevice used for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, orpreventing a disease. For example, the medical device may be a deviceused for the purpose of diagnosing, treating, alleviating, or correctingan injury or disorder. For example, the medical device may be a deviceused for the purpose of examining, replacing, or modifying a structureor function. For example, the medical device may be a device used forthe purpose of controlling pregnancy. For example, the medical devicemay include a device for treatment, a device for surgery, a device for(extra-corporal) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for a surgicalprocedure. For example, the security device may be a device installed toprevent a risk that may occur and to maintain safety. For example, thesecurity device may be a camera, a CCTV, a recorder, or a black box. Forexample, the FinTech device may be a device capable of providingfinancial services such as mobile payment. For example, the FinTechdevice may include a payment device or a point of sales (POS). Forexample, the climate/environment device may include a device thatmonitors or predicts the climate/environment.

The first device 3010 may include at least one processor such as theprocessor 3011, at least one memory such as the memory 3012, and atleast one transceiver such as the transceiver 3013. The processor 3011may perform the above-described functions, procedures, and/or methods.The processor 3011 may perform one or more protocols. For example, theprocessor 3011 may perform one or more layers of a radio interfaceprotocol. The memory 3012 may be connected to the processor 3011 tostore various types of information and/or commands. The transceiver 3013may be connected to the processor 3011 and be controlled to transmit andreceive wireless signals.

The second device 3020 may include at least one processor such as theprocessor 3021, at least one memory device such as the memory 3022, andat least one transceiver such as the transceiver 3023. The processor3021 may perform the above-described functions, procedures, and/ormethods. The processor 3021 may implement one or more protocols. Forexample, the processor 3021 may implement one or more layers of a radiointerface protocol. The memory 3022 may be connected to the processor3021 to store various types of information and/or commands. Thetransceiver 3023 may be connected to the processor 3021 and becontrolled to transmit and receive wireless signals.

The memory 3012 and/or the memory 3022 may be connected to the inside orthe outside of the processor 3011 and/or the processor 3021,respectively and be connected to other processors through varioustechnologies such as wired or wireless connection.

The first device 3010 and/or the second device 3020 may have one or moreantennas. For example, an antenna 3014 and/or an antenna 3024 may beconfigured to transmit and receive wireless signals.

FIG. 31 illustrates another example of a block diagram of a wirelesscommunication device to which methods proposed in the present disclosurecan be applied.

Referring to FIG. 31, a wireless communication system includes a gNB3110 and a plurality of UEs 3120 positioned within a gNB area. The gNBmay be represented as a transmitting device, and the UE may berepresented as a receiving device, and vice versa. The gNB and the UEinclude processors 3111 and 3121, memories 3114 and 3124, one or moreTx/Rx radio frequency modules (RF modules) 3115 and 3125, Tx processors3112 and 3122, Rx processors 3113 and 3123, and antennas 3116 and 3126.The processor implements the previously described functions, processes,and/or methods. More specifically, in DL (communication from the gNB tothe UE), higher layer packets from a core network are provided to theprocessor 3111. The processor implements functions of an L2 layer. Inthe DL, the processor provides multiplexing between logical channels andtransport channels and radio resource allocation to the UE 3120, and isresponsible for signaling to the UE. The transmission (TX) processor3112 implements various signal processing functions for an L1 layer(i.e., physical layer). The signal processing function facilitatesforward error correction (FEC) in the UE, and includes coding andinterleaving. The coded and modulated symbols are divided into parallelstreams, each stream is mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, is multiplexedwith a reference signal (RS) in the time and/or frequency domain, and iscombined together using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) togenerate a physical channel carrying time domain OFDMA symbol stream.The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatialstreams. Each spatial stream may be provided to a different antenna 3116through a separate Tx/Rx module (or the transceiver 3115). Each Tx/Rxmodule may modulate an RF carrier with each spatial stream fortransmission. In the UE, each Tx/Rx module (or the transceiver 3125)receives a signal through each antenna 3126 of each Tx/Rx module. EachTx/Rx module restores information modulated by an RF carrier to providethe information to the reception (RX) processor 3123. The RX processorimplements various signal processing functions of a layer 1. The RXprocessor may perform spatial processing in information in order torecover an arbitrary spatial stream directed to the UE. When multiplespatial streams are directed to the UE, they may be combined into asingle OFDMA symbol stream by multiple RX processors. The RX processorconverts the OFDMA symbol stream from a time domain to a frequencydomain using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency domain signalincludes a separate OFDMA symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDMsignal. Symbols and a reference signal on each subcarrier are restoredand demodulated by determining the most probable signal dispositionpoints transmitted by the gNB. These soft decisions may be based onchannel estimate values. The soft decisions are decoded anddeinterleaved to restore data and control signal originally transmittedby the gNB on the physical channel. Corresponding data and controlsignals are provided to the processor 3121.

UL (communication from the UE to the gNB) is handled at the gNB 3110 ina manner similar to that described in relation to a receiver function atthe UE 3120. Each Tx/Rx module 3125 receives a signal through eachantenna 3126. Each Tx/Rx module provides an RF carrier and informationto the RX processor 3123. The processor 3121 may be associated with thememory 3124 that stores program codes and data. The memory may bereferred to as a computer readable medium.

In the present disclosure, the wireless device may be a gNB, a networknode, a transmitting UE, a receiving UE, a wireless device, a wirelesscommunication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomousdriving function, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VRdevice, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device(or financial device), a security device, a climate/environment device,or a device related to a fourth industrial revolution field or 5Gservice. For example, the UAV may be a vehicle flying by a radio controlsignal without on-boarding of a human. For example, the MTC device andthe IoT device are devices that do not require direct human interventionor manipulation, and may be a smart meter, a bending machine, athermometer, a smart light bulb, a door lock, and various sensors. Forexample, a medical device may be a device for treatment, a device forsurgery, a device for (extra-corporal) diagnosis, a hearing aid, or adevice for a surgical procedure as a device used for the purpose ofdiagnosing, treating, alleviating, or preventing a disease and a deviceused for the purpose of examining, replacing or modifying a structure orfunction. For example, the security device may be a device installed toprevent a risk that may occur and to maintain safety and be a camera, aCCTV, or a black box. For example, a FinTech device may be a paymentdevice or a point of sales (POS) as a device capable of providingfinancial services such as mobile payment. For example, theclimate/environment device may mean a device that monitors or predictsthe climate/environment.

In the present disclosure, the UE may include a mobile phone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcasting UE, a personal digitalassistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), a navigationdevice, a slate PC, a tablet PC, an ultrabook, a wearable device (e.g.,smartwatch, smart glass, head mounted display (HMD)), a foldable device,and the like. For example, the HMD is a display device of a type worn onthe head and may be used to implement VR or AR.

The above-described embodiments are those in which components andfeatures of the present disclosure are combined in a predetermined form.Each component or feature should be considered optional unlessexplicitly stated otherwise. Each component or feature may beimplemented in the form that is not combined with other components orfeatures. Further, it is also possible to constitute an embodiment ofthe present disclosure by combining some components and/or features. Theorder of operations described in the embodiments of the presentdisclosure may be changed. Some components or features of one embodimentmay be included in other embodiments, or may be replaced withcorresponding components or features of other embodiments. It is obviousthat claims that do not have an explicit citation relationship in theclaims may be combined to constitute an embodiment or may be included asa new claim by amendment after filing.

The embodiment according to the present disclosure may be implemented byvarious means, for example, hardware, firmware, software, or acombination thereof. In the case of implementation by hardware, anembodiment of the present disclosure may be implemented by one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signalprocessors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs),programmable logic devices (PLDs), and field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs), processors, controllers, microcontrollers, microprocessors,etc.

In the case of implementation by firmware or software, an embodiment ofthe present disclosure may be implemented in the form of a module,procedure, or function that performs the above-described functions oroperations. A software code may be stored in a memory to be driven by aprocessor. The memory may be positioned inside or outside the processor,and may exchange data with the processor through various known means.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that the present disclosuremay be embodied in other specific forms without departing from essentialfeatures thereof. Therefore, the above detailed description should notbe construed as restrictive in all respects and should be considered asillustrative. The scope of the present disclosure should be determinedby reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all changeswithin the equivalent range of the present disclosure are included inthe scope of the present disclosure.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A method of performing uplink transmission in a wireless communicationsystem of the present disclosure has been described centering onexamples applied to a 3GPP LTE/LTE-A system and 5G, but it can beapplied to various wireless communication systems.

1. A method for performing uplink transmission in a wirelesscommunication system, the method performed by a terminal comprising:receiving, from a base station, resource configuration informationrelated to an uplink resource comprising identification information on atransmission unit indicating a physical layer resource set; determininga transmission unit for performing uplink transmission based on theidentification information; and performing the uplink transmission basedon the determined transmission unit.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe performing of the uplink transmission comprises: transmitting aphysical random access channel (PRACH) preamble associated with theidentification information to the base station; receiving a randomaccess response comprising a timing advance (TA) value associated withthe identification information from the base station; and transmittingan uplink signal to the base station on the transmission unit based onthe TA value.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein when a plurality of TAvalues are received, transmission unit identification informationcorresponding to the plurality of TA values is configured for each TAvalue in one component carrier (CC) or one bandwidth part (BWP).
 4. Themethod of claim 3, wherein the plurality of TA values are receivedthrough each random access response or are received based on a specificTA value and differential TA values for the specific TA value.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the transmission unit is a set of an ULantenna port, an UL beam, or an UL physical channel resource related toapplication of a common TA value in one CC or one BWP.
 6. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the transmission unit is a set of an UL antenna port,an UL beam, or an UL physical channel resource related to application ofcommon power control parameters in one CC or one BWP.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the transmission unit is a set of an UL antenna port,an UL beam, or an UL physical channel resource related to whethersimultaneous transmission is possible in one CC or one BWP and/orwhether a gap symbol is applied.
 8. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising receiving, from the base station, information on a time or agap symbol required for switching between transmission units.
 9. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the information on the time or gap symbolindicates at least one symbol or at least one slot.
 10. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the resource configuration information comprises atleast one of a PRACH resource associated with a transmission unit, a TAassociated with a transmission unit, a downlink reference signal (DL RS)associated with a transmission unit, a sounding reference signal (SRS)resource associated with a transmission unit, a physical uplink controlchannel (PUCCH) resource associated with a transmission unit, a physicaluplink shared channel (PUSCH) resource associated with a transmissionunit, or a transmit power control (TPC) command associated with atransmission unit.
 11. The method of claim 1, further comprisingreceiving, from the base station, a first message comprising informationon the total number of transmission units or information on the maximumnumber of transmission units that can be simultaneously transmitted. 12.A terminal for performing uplink transmission in a wirelesscommunication system, the terminal comprising: a radio frequency (RF)module; at least one processor; and at least one computer memoryoperably accessible to the at least one processor and for storinginstructions for performing operations when executed by the at least oneprocessor, wherein the operations comprise: receiving, from a basestation, resource configuration information related to an uplinkresource comprising identification information on a transmission unitindicating a physical layer resource set; determining a transmissionunit for performing uplink transmission based on the identificationinformation; and performing the uplink transmission based on thedetermined transmission unit.
 13. The terminal of claim 12, wherein theperforming of the uplink transmission comprises: transmitting a physicalrandom access channel (PRACH) preamble associated with theidentification information to the base station; receiving a randomaccess response comprising a timing advance (TA) value associated withthe identification information from the base station; and transmittingan uplink signal to the base station on the transmission unit based onthe TA value.
 14. The terminal of claim 12, wherein when a plurality ofTA values are received, transmission unit identification informationcorresponding to the plurality of TA values is configured for each TAvalue in one component carrier (CC) or one bandwidth part (BWP).
 15. Theterminal of claim 14, wherein the plurality of TA values are receivedthrough each random access response or are received based on a specificTA value and differential TA values for the specific TA value.
 16. Theterminal of claim 12, wherein the transmission unit is a set of an ULantenna port, an UL beam, or an UL physical channel resource related toapplication of a common TA value in one CC or one BWP.
 17. The terminalof claim 12, wherein the transmission unit is a set of an UL antennaport, an UL beam, or an UL physical channel resource related toapplication of common power control parameters in one CC or one BWP. 18.The terminal of claim 12, wherein the transmission unit is a set of anUL antenna port, an UL beam, or an UL physical channel resource relatedto whether simultaneous transmission is possible in one CC or one BWPand/or whether a gap symbol is applied.
 19. The terminal of claim 18,wherein the information on the time or gap symbol indicates at least onesymbol or at least one slot.
 20. The terminal of claim 12, wherein theresource configuration information comprises at least one of a PRACHresource associated with a transmission unit, a TA associated with atransmission unit, a DL RS associated with a transmission unit, an SRSresource associated with a transmission unit, a PUCCH resourceassociated with a transmission unit, and a PUSCH resource associatedwith a transmission unit, or a TPC command associated with atransmission unit.